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Agilent Technologies PSA Series User Manual

Agilent Technologies PSA Series
434 pages
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User’s and Programmer’s Reference
Volume 1
Core Spectrum Analyzer Functions
PSA Series Spectrum Analyzers
Refer to Volume 2 for one-button power measurements information.
This manual provides documentation for the following instruments:
Agilent Technologies PSA Series
E4440A (3 Hz - 26.5 GHz)
E4443A (3 Hz - 6.7 GHz)
E4445A (3 Hz - 13.2 GHz)
E4446A (3 Hz - 44.5 GHz)
E4448A (3 Hz - 51.0 GHz)
Manufacturing Part Number: E4440-90243
Supersedes: E4440-90194
Printed in USA
August 2004
© Copyright 2001-2004 Agilent Technologies, Inc.

Table of Contents

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Agilent Technologies PSA Series Specifications

General IconGeneral
Frequency Range3 Hz to 50 GHz (depending on model)
VBW1 Hz to 10 MHz
InterfaceGPIB, LAN, USB
Input Impedance50 Ω
DisplayColor LCD

Summary

1 Using This Document

About the User's and Programmer's Information

Explains the manual's organization and scope of Volume 1.

Terms Used in This Book

Defines key terms like State Saved, Dependencies/Couplings, Factory Preset, Remote Command, and Example.

2 Instrument Functions: A - L

2.1 AMPLITUDE / Y Scale

Activates Reference Level and controls vertical axis display and instrument settings.

2.1.1 Ref Level

Adjusts the absolute amplitude represented by the top graticule line.

2.1.2 Attenuation

Adjusts input attenuation to reduce signal power to the mixer.

2.1.4 Scale Type

Selects linear or logarithmic vertical scale for display and data readout.

2.1.8 Y Axis Units

Sets vertical axis amplitude units (dBm, dBmV, V, W, A, etc.).

2.2 Auto Couple

Manages functions linked/dependent on others, displaying coupled analyzer functions.

2.2.1 Auto All

Auto-couples all coupled functions for optimal measurements and dynamic range.

2.3 BW/Avg

Controls resolution bandwidth (Res BW) and video bandwidth (VBW).

2.3.1 Res BW

Selects the 3.01 dB resolution bandwidth (RBW) of the analyzer.

2.3.2 Video BW

Changes the analyzer post-detection filter bandwidth (VBW).

2.3.4 Average

Initiates digital averaging to smooth the trace by averaging successive sweeps.

2.4 Det/Demod

Selects detector type (Normal, Average, Peak, Sample, etc.) for trace data processing.

2.4.1 Detector

Selects detector type (Normal, Average, Peak, Sample, etc.) for trace data processing.

2.5 Display

Controls display settings like Full Screen, Display Line, Limits, Title, and Preferences.

2.5.2 Display Line

Activates an adjustable horizontal line for visual reference on the display.

2.5.5 Limits

Defines limit lines to compare data against and indicate pass/fail conditions.

2.6 File

Manages file operations including Catalog, Save, Load, Delete, Copy, and Rename.

2.6.1 Catalog

Displays directories and files for navigation and selection.

2.6.2 Save

Saves analyzer states, traces, and screen data to storage.

2.7 FREQUENCY / Channel

Sets frequency parameters like Center Freq, Start Freq, Stop Freq, and Freq Offset.

2.7.1 Center Freq

Sets the center of the displayed frequency range.

2.7.2 Start Freq

Sets the start frequency and activates Start/Stop frequency entry mode.

2.7.3 Stop Freq

Sets the stop frequency.

2.8 Input/Output

Configures signal inputs and outputs, including RF coupling and mixer settings.

2.8.1 Input Port

Selects input signal sources, including RF Input port.

2.8.2 RF Coupling

Specifies AC or DC coupling at the RF input port.

2.8.7 Signal ID (Option AYZ only)

Activates signal identification to remove or aid in identifying responses.

2.8.8 Signal ID Mode

Selects the method of signal identification (Image Suppress or Image Shift).

2.8.9 Mixer Config

Sets harmonic, selects mixers, and adjusts bias.

3 Instrument Functions: M - O

3.1 Marker

Controls marker placement and modes (Normal, Delta, Span Pair, Off).

3.1.1 Select Marker

Selects marker or marker pair (Normal, Delta, Delta Pair, Span Pair, Off).

3.1.3 Delta

Sets marker mode to Delta, showing difference between markers.

3.1.4 Delta Pair

Sets marker mode to Delta Pair for independent adjustment of Ref and Delta markers.

3.1.5 Span Pair

Sets marker mode to Span Pair, adjusting span and center between markers.

3.1.7 Marker Trace

Selects the trace (1, 2, 3, or Auto) where the marker is placed.

3.1.8 Readout

Affects how X-axis information (frequency, time) is displayed in marker area.

3.2 Marker Fctn

Accesses special marker functions like Noise, Band/Intvl Power.

3.2.2 Marker Noise

Activates noise marker to read average noise level.

3.2.3 Band/Intvl Power

Measures power in a specified bandwidth or time interval.

3.3 Marker ->

Copies marker values to other parameters like Center Frequency or Step.

3.3.1 Mkr->CF

Sets analyzer center frequency to the selected marker's frequency.

3.4 MEASURE (Spectrum Analysis Mode)

Displays setup menu for the currently selected measurement.

3.5 Meas Control

Controls measurement operation: pause, resume, continuous, or single.

3.5.1 Restart

Restarts a paused measurement or restarts a current measurement.

3.5.2 Measure

Switches analyzer between continuous and single measurement/sweep modes.

3.6 MODE and Mode Setup

Selects measurement modes, including Spectrum Analysis and optional personalities.

3.6.1 Spectrum Analysis

Selects the spectrum analysis measurement mode for the analyzer.

4 Instrument Functions: P - Z

4.1 Peak Search

Places a marker on the highest peak and displays search menu.

4.1.1 Next Peak

Places marker on the next highest peak meeting defined criteria.

4.1.2 Next Pk Right

Moves marker to the next peak to the right of the current marker.

4.1.3 Next Pk Left

Moves marker to the next peak to the left of the current marker.

4.1.4 Min Search

Moves active marker to the minimum detected amplitude value.

4.1.5 Pk-Pk Search

Finds amplitude/frequency differences between highest and lowest trace points.

4.1.6 Mkr->CF

Sets analyzer center frequency to the selected marker's frequency.

4.1.7 Continuous Pk

Maintains marker on signal with changing frequency but stable amplitude.

4.1.8 Search Param

Adjusts parameters for peak search criteria (threshold, excursion).

4.2 Preset

Resets the instrument to a known starting state.

4.2.1 User Preset

Restores analyzer to a user-defined state.

4.2.3 Factory Preset

Restores all instrument settings to factory defaults.

4.3 Print

Initiates an output of the display data to the currently defined printer.

4.3.2 Print Setup

Configures printer settings like language, orientation, and color capability.

4.4 Restart

Restarts a paused measurement or initiates a new sweep.

4.5 Save

Saves analyzer states, traces, and screen data to storage.

4.6 Single

Changes sweep control to single sweep or executes a new sweep after trigger.

4.7 SPAN / X Scale

Activates the Span function and displays span functions.

4.7.1 Span

Changes displayed frequency range about the center frequency.

4.7.4 Zero Span

Changes displayed frequency span to zero Hertz, with horizontal axis as time.

4.8 SWEEP

Activates Sweep Time function and displays sweep function menu keys.

4.8.1 Sweep Time

Selects the time duration for the spectrum analyzer to sweep the frequency span.

4.8.2 Sweep

Switches analyzer between continuous-sweep and single-sweep modes.

4.8.4 Gate

Turns the gate function on/off, controlling sweeps based on signal gate conditions.

4.9 System

Controls overall system functions, including GPIB address and LAN settings.

4.9.1 Show Errors

Accesses a display of the last 30 reported errors.

4.9.2 Power On/Preset

Defines the instrument's power-on state and user preset state.

4.9.4 Alignments

Controls automatic instrument alignment and loads default values.

4.9.5 Config I/O

Configures GPIB address and LAN settings.

4.9.6 Reference

Controls the external frequency reference.

4.9.7 Show System

Displays installed options, model, serial number, and system statistics.

4.9.8 Show Hdwr

Provides detailed information about installed hardware.

4.9.9 Color Palette

Sets display screen attributes like color scheme.

5 Programming Fundamentals

SCPI Language Basics

Covers SCPI syntax, keywords, parameters, and creating valid commands.

Improving Measurement Speed

Provides techniques to optimize program execution speed.

Programming Command Compatibility Across Model Numbers and Across Modes

Details command similarities and differences across PSA models and modes.

Using the LAN to Control the Instrument

Explains instrument control via LAN using FTP, Telnet, Socket LAN, and SICL.

Programming in C Using the VTL

Provides basic C programming information using Agilent VTL and VISA libraries.

Overview of the GPIB Bus

Explains GPIB communication concepts: listener, talker, controller, and command statements.

6 Using the STATus System

Status System Commands

Lists IEEE commands and STATus subsystem commands for instrument status monitoring.

Using the Status Registers

Explains the hierarchy of PSA status registers and how to monitor conditions.

What Status Register SCPI Commands Are

Details SCPI commands like *CLS, *ESE, *ESR, *OPC for status register management.

7 Menu Maps: Spectrum Analysis

Directions for Use

Guides on interpreting key-flow diagrams and menu map legends.

Alpha Editor Keys, 1 of 2

Illustrates Alpha Editor key layout for text input and configuration.

AMPLITUDE Y Scale Key, 1 of 2 (See page 33)

Shows menu flow for Amplitude/Y Scale settings (Ref Level, Attenuation, Units).

Auto Couple Key, 1 of 3 (See page 57)

Illustrates menu flow for Auto Couple functions (Auto All, FFT & Sweep, Detector).

BW/Avg Key (See page 69)

Displays menu flow for Res BW, VBW, and VBW/RBW ratio settings.

Det/Demod Key (See page 79)

Shows menu flow for selecting detector types.

Display Key, 1 of 2 (See page 91)

Illustrates menu flow for display settings (Full Screen, Display Line, Limits, Title).

File Key, 1 of 6 (See page 113)

Displays initial menu flow for File operations (Catalog, Save, Load, Delete, Copy, Rename).

FREQUENCY Channel Key (See page 143)

Shows menu flow for frequency settings (Center, Start, Stop, Offset, Signal Track).

Input/Output Key (See page 151)

Illustrates menu flow for configuring Input Port, RF Coupling, and Mixer settings.

Marker Key (See page 167)

Displays menu flow for marker control (Normal, Delta, Span Pair, Off).

Marker --> Key (See page 185)

Shows menu flow for copying marker values to other parameters.

Marker Fctn Key (See page 179)

Illustrates menu flow for special marker functions (Noise, Band/Intvl Power).

MODE Key (See page 195)

Shows menu flow for selecting measurement modes.

Peak Search Key (See page 203)

Displays menu flow for Peak Search functions.

Preset Key (See page 211)

Illustrates menu flow for instrument presets.

Print Setup Key (See page 215)

Shows menu flow for printer settings.

SPAN X Scale Key (See page 227)

Displays menu flow for Span functions.

Sweep Key (See page 231)

Illustrates menu flow for Sweep Time, Sweep mode, Auto Sweep Time, and Gate functions.

System Key, 1 of 4 (See page 241)

Shows initial menu structure for System functions.

Trace/View Key (See page 277)

Illustrates menu flow for trace display modes.

Trig Key (See page 281)

Displays menu flow for trigger modes.

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