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Aphex Studio Dominator 700 - 3 A DISCUSSION of GAIN REDUCTION; Leveling; Compression

Aphex Studio Dominator 700
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3.0
A DISCUSSION
OF
GAIN REDUCTION
There
are
several
misunderstandings
about
limiting
and
compression
among
audio
professionals.
Compression
and
limiting
are
sometimes
referred
to
interchangeably,
for
example.
To
clearly
understand
the
operation
of
the
studio
Dominator,
it
is
good
to
have
a
standard
definition
of
terms,
and
have
a
clear
understanding
of
the
differences
between
leveling,
compression,
limiting,
and
clipping.
Therefore,
this
section
will
discuss
the
terminology,
offer
what
we
think
are
the
most
accurate
definitions,
and
describe
the
basic
principles.
3.1
Leveling
"Leveling",
or
AGC,
is
control
of
long-term
average
levels.
The
ratio
is
fairly
high
(>10:1),
with
slow
attack
and
release
times,
and
a
low
threshold.
Because
of
the
slow
operation,
leveling
has
little
or
no
effect
on
short-term
changes
in
average
level
or
on
transients.
3.2
Compression
and
Limiting
"Compression"
is
a
popular
contraction
of
the
general
term
"dynamic
range
compression",
where
"dynamic
range"
refers
to
the
difference
between
the
minimum
signal
level
and
the
maximum
signal
level
from
an
audio
source
over
a
period
of
time.
Limiting
may
be
defined
as
a
subset
of
compression
because
the
dynamic
range
is
reduced
through
limiting.
However,
because
there
are
significant
differences
between
what
are
called
"lim1
ters"
and
11
compressors"
,
it
is
best
not
to
equa
te
compression
and
limiting
in
application
oriented
thinking.
Compressors
are
used
principally
where
it
is
desired
to
force
an
audio
signal
to
maintain
a
more
constant
power
level.
This
may
be
to
improve
the
signal-to-noise
ratio
in
a
system,
to
correct
excessively
varying
volume
levels
from
a
program
source,
or
for
effects
like
gathering
greater
loudness.
One
way
to
think
of
this
is
that
compression
tries
to
keep
levels
from
falling
too
low.
Limiting,
in
contrast,
is
used
where
it
is
required
that
a
signal
be
stopped
from
exceeding
some
specific
level.
These
applications
include
prevention
of
overmodulation,
speaker
protection,
overcutting
protection,
system
overload
protection.
transient
peak
elimination,
etc.
.For
certain
applications
it
is
necessary
to
combine
a
compressor
and
a
limiter
to
get
the
desired
results.
This
might
be
where
we
are
required
to
maintain
a
high
average
signal
level
constantly
near
7

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