Chapter 2: Introduction
Main Components
2 - 2 100-413-016 Rev. C
2.1 Main Components
The main components of the 250/450 sonifiers are the power supply, the
converter and the horn, shown in Figure 2.1 below.
Figure 2.1 Model 250/450 Sonifier Main Components
2.2 Principle of Operation
The power supply converts AC line voltage to 20kHz electrical energy. This
high-frequency electrical energy is fed to a converter where it is converted to
mechanical vibrations. The heart of the converter is a lead zirconate titanate
electrostrictive element which, when subjected to an alternating voltage, expands
and contracts. The converter vibrates in a longitudinal direction and transmits the
motion to the horn tip immersed in the solution, which causes cavitation.
The implosion of microscopic bubbles or cavities in the solution results, causing
the molecules in the medium to become intensely agitated.
The Sonifier functions in two modes: Pulsed and Continuous. In Pulsed Mode,
ultrasonic vibrations are transmitted to a solution at a rate of one pulse per
second. This pulse duration can be adjusted from 0.1 to 0.9 per second, enabling
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