250 - 450 Sonifier Chapter 6: Operation
User’s Manual Operating Considerations
100-413-016 Rev. C 6 - 3
NOTICE
Prior to processing an unknown sample, estimate variables such as pro-
cessing time, output control setting, starting temperature, and maximum
permissible temperature of sample.
NOTICE
Remember that the temperature of a liquid will rise from the effect of
ultrasonically induced cavitation.
NOTICE
First, process a small sample of the specimen using your estimated con-
trol variables. When unsure, initial test should be conducted with short
time and low amplitude setting.
NOTICE
Examine the results against your objective. Several trial runs may be
necessary. Based on results obtained, adjust the variables until you
obtain satisfactory results, experimenting with one variable at a time.
6.2 Operating Considerations
The following sections discuss operating techniques under varying conditions.
6.2.1 Limiting Temperature Rise
An important objective in ultrasonic emulsification is to keep processed samples
cool. Selection of the proper processing vessel and cooling bath resolves most
heating problems. While any type of vessel can be used to hold the sample, the
shape of the vessel depends primarily on the volume to be processed. For small
volumes, choose the smallest diameter vessel that allows the probe to be inserted
without touching the sides of the vessel. This minimized diameter size raise the
height of the liquid, permitting greater surface area to be exposed to the cooling
bath for more effective heat transfer.
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