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Toy building block with electrical contacting portions (US4552541)
http://www.patents.ibm.com/details?pn=US04552541__
This is the patent that describes the clever scheme used by the input and output connectors on the RCX, the sensors, the motors, and the wire bricks. Did you ever wonder why you can attach wires
and sensors in any orientation and still make a connection? This patent explains the system.
Mounting Methods
Homebrew Temperature Sensor
http://www.plazaearth.com/usr/gasperi/temp.htm
Michael Gasperi's temperature sensor uses the copper tubing method of sensor mounting. This page has a clear description of the technique. Putting the tubing on diagonally opposite studs would
make this sensor more generally useful. However, the basic technique is very well illustrated.
LEGO
http://www.kabai.com/lego/lego.htm
This page has brief instructions for building a sound sensor for the RCX. It demonstrates the machine screw mounting method. However, the screws are not mounted on diagonally opposite studs,
which would make them more useful.
TFM's Lego Page - Lego Mindstorms Compatible Temperature Sensor
http://www.akasa.bc.ca/tfm/lego_temp.html
This page describes the construction of a temperature sensor using the conductor plate mounting method.
Tools
Black and Decker
http://www.blackanddecker.com/powertools.htm
Black and Decker makes a tool called the Wizard. With a cutting disk, it's useful for shaving the studs off LEGO bricks.
Welcome to Dremel International
http://www.dremel.com/
Dremel makes hand tools that are good for working with small things like LEGO bricks.
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Electronics Parts Suppliers
Jameco Electronics: Home
http://www.jameco.com/
This is the web site of Jameco, where you'll find goodies like switches, Hall effect sensors, bend sensors, diodes, resistors, and other great stuff.
Digi-Key Corporation Home Page
http://www.digikey.com/
If there's something you can't find at Jameco (thermistors, for example), try Digi-Key instead. They have a huge selection and good service.
Mouser Electronics, Distributor of Electronic Components
http://www.mouser.com/
Here's another good supplier; their web site is a little easier to use than Digi-Key's.