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LI-COR LI-6400 User Manual

LI-COR LI-6400
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Using the LI-6400
Portable
Photosynthesis
System
¨-

Table of Contents

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LI-COR LI-6400 Specifications

General IconGeneral
BrandLI-COR
ModelLI-6400
CategoryLaboratory Equipment
LanguageEnglish

Summary

Part I: The Basics

System Description

Explains the LI-6400's operating principle, major components, and equations.

Assembling the LI-6400

Guides through the assembly and preparations necessary to operate the LI-6400.

Guided Tours

Teaches how to operate the LI-6400 and how it accomplishes its tasks through guided tours.

Making Measurements

Preparation Check Lists

Provides a checklist of things to do prior to making measurements.

Some Simple Experiments

Offers experiments for users new to gas exchange measurements.

Making Survey Measurements

Focuses on characterizing a community by measuring many leaves quickly.

Light Response Curves

Explains how photosynthesis is driven by light and measures this relationship.

CO2 Response Curves

Details how to generate CO2 response curves.

Matching the Analyzers

Explains the purpose of matching to remove offsets between sample and reference analyzers.

Stability Considerations

Discusses system variables that help in monitoring stability and ensuring meaningful data.

Leaks

Identifies two types of leaks: bulk flow and diffusion, and their implications.

Operational Hints

Covers air supply, light source, dealing with low rates, humidifying air, and controlling low flow rates.

Standard Tools

Menus, Editors, and File Dialogs

Describes common interface tools like dialogs, menus, and single-line editors used in the LI-6400.

Hot Keys

Lists special key combinations that always work regardless of context.

Low Battery Warning

Explains the low battery warning system and how to manage operation.

The Boot Screen

Details the human interface of the lowest level program in the LI-6400.

The LPL Screen

Represents the user interface to the LPL operating system.

Real Time Data

Text Display

Explains how up to 12 variables can be viewed at once on the display in New Measurements mode.

Real Time Graphics

Provides a graphical method of monitoring recent activity.

Environmental Control

OPEN’s Control Manager

Discusses mechanisms and options for controlling chamber conditions.

Humidity Control

Explains how humidity control is managed through manual and software-controlled flow.

CO2 Control

Details CO2 control options, including manual regulation and using the 6400-01 CO2 Mixer.

Temperature Control

Explains temperature control via Peltier devices and options for block or leaf temperature.

Light Control

Describes control options for LED sources, including quantum flux and tracking ambient light.

Light Sensor Considerations

Why Two Sensors?

Explains the purpose and placement of external and internal quantum sensors for accurate irradiance measurement.

Specifying the Source and Sensor

Covers configuration parameters related to light source and sensor, including calibration and energy balance.

6400-02 and -02B Light Sources

Discusses spectral output, temperature effects, aging, and in-chamber light measurement for LED sources.

Gallium Arsenide Phosphide (GaAsP) Sensor

Details the spectral response, nonlinearities, and calibration of the GaAsP sensor.

Data Logging

Basic Concepts

Explains the LI-6400's open system nature and the flexibility in choosing what and how data is logged.

Getting Started

Guides through initiating logging by opening a log file and specifying destination.

Determining What is Logged

Explains the role of LogList and Logging Control in defining logged quantities and their arrangement.

Prompts and Remarks

Covers defining user-entered constants and remarks as columns in data files.

AutoPrograms

Introduces AutoPrograms as LPL application programs for automatic operation, control, and data logging.

AutoProgram Descriptions

Details several default AutoPrograms like A-CiCurve, AutoLog, and LightCurve.

Making Your Own AutoPrograms

Explains how to create custom AutoPrograms using the AutoProgram Builder tool.

The LPL File System

Files, Directories, and Disks

Describes the LI-6400's file system structure, partitioning storage into disks, directories, and files.

Defragmentation

Explains the process of defragmenting disks to reclaim space occupied by inactive files.

The Filer

Introduces the Filer as a general-purpose tool for managing files, directories, and disks.

Filer’s Directory Operations

Details operations for viewing, creating, and removing directories.

Filer’s File Operations

Covers viewing file header information, subsets of files, editing, tagging, copying, moving, renaming, printing, and executing files.

Filer’s Disk Operations

Explains operations for checking space availability and formatting disks.

Troubleshooting

Addresses issues like out of disk space and problems with the hidden disk.

Downloading Files

Retrieving your data

Explains methods for moving files between the LI-6400 and a computer.

Connecting the LI-6400 to a Computer

Details the necessary cables and connections for computer communication.

File Exchange Mode

Describes the three methods to enter File Exchange Mode for data transfer.

Using WinFX

Covers the Windows version of FX for file transfer, including installation and examples.

Using FX for DOS

Details the original file transfer method for DOS, including installation and examples.

Using FX on Macintosh

Explains FX for Macintosh, including file transfer and program comments.

Using EW

Introduces EW as a command-line version of FX for copying files and directories, useful for batch files.

Odds and Ends

Covers text vs. binary files and file name considerations.

Non-standard Serial Port Configuration (DOS only)

Explains configuring non-standard serial ports for EW or FX/DOS.

Using a Data Capture Program

Discusses using generic serial communications programs and setting communication parameters.

GraphIt

Accessing GraphIt

Provides multiple ways to access GraphIt, including from the Filer, OPEN, and Utility Menu.

Data File Format

Explains the expected structure of data files for GraphIt, including rows, columns, and label lines.

Defining Plots

Details methods for defining plots, using QuikPik Config and Edit Config.

Selecting Observations

Describes tools for selecting data subsets, including first/last lines, every nth line, and logic-based inclusion.

Curve Fitting

Covers capabilities for fitting curves, including straight lines and polynomials.

Viewing Data

Explains how to view data file contents in different formats (stored, columns, or graphed).

PlotDef File Format

Details the format of plot definition files.

Storing and Retrieving Graphics Images

Explains how to store and retrieve graphics images, noting they are binary files.

Recomputing Data Files

How to recompute data files

Outlines reasons for recomputing data, such as changing leaf area or computed variables.

Reasons to Recompute

Explains common reasons for recomputing data, including leaf area, stored variables, and computed quantities.

A Step By Step Example

Provides a practical example of recomputing a file with corrected leaf area and stomatal ratio.

The Details

Describes the main screen of the recompute program and its entries.

Hints

Offers tips on suppressing variable recomputation and handling multiple appended files.

Configuration Basics

What you need to know to get by

Explains the configuration scheme and the role of configuration helpers like Installation Menu and Config Editor.

A Definition of Terms

Defines key terms like configuration files, commands, and master/user files.

Making Configuration Files

Details methods for building configuration files using the Installation Menu and Config Editor.

Installation Menu: Behind the Scenes

Explains the process of installing sensors and building configurations via the Installation Menu.

Modifying Config Files

Covers modifying configuration files using various tools like Config Status and Config Editor.

The Reset Menu

Explains how to reset configurations to factory defaults or user-defined settings.

Configuration Command Summary

Lists and explains configuration commands used in configuration files.

Using an Energy Balance

Computing what you can’t measure

Introduces the concept of using energy balance to determine leaf temperature and boundary layer conductance.

The Theory

Explains the energy balance equation and its components: net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux.

Using Energy Balance in OPEN

Details how to implement energy balance computations using the Installation Menu and ComputeLists.

Energy Balance And Boundary Layer

Discusses measuring boundary layer conductance using filter paper and applying energy balance analysis.

Further Reading

Lists references for further study on related topics.

Calibration Issues

How much is good data worth?

Discusses the importance of calibration for sensor accuracy and data quality.

CO2 and H2O Analyzers

Covers factory calibration, user calibration (zero and span), and procedures for setting CO2 and H2O zeros.

Flow Meter

Details factory calibration and zeroing procedures for the flow meter.

View, Store Zeros & Spans

Explains how to view, store, and revert IRGA and flow meter zero and span settings.

Zeroing the Leaf Temperature Thermocouple

Describes the process of zeroing the leaf temperature thermocouple.

6400-01 CO2 Mixer

Covers calibration procedures for the CO2 mixer.

6400-02(B) LED Source

Details calibration procedures for LED light sources.

GaAsP Light Sensors

Explains factory calibration and generating calibration corrections for GaAsP sensors.

Calibration and Configuration File Summary

Provides a summary of calibration and configuration files, including /dev files and the Configs directory.

Maintenance & Service

The care and feeding of your new pet

A general overview of maintenance and service tasks for the LI-6400.

CHEMICAL TUBES

Covers maintenance for chemical tubes, including removing, cleaning threads, replacing air mufflers, and using Drierite and soda lime.

6400-03 BATTERIES

Details charging, storing, and replacing the battery fuse for the 6400-03 batteries.

SYSTEM CONSOLE

Explains cleaning the console, opening it, and replacing the air filter and fuses.

REAL TIME CLOCK

Discusses real-time clock battery replacement and troubleshooting.

CABLES

Covers maintenance for cables, including insulation and replacing connector screws.

THE CHAMBER HANDLE

Details handle maintenance, latch mechanism, return spring, and handle removal.

LED SOURCE MAINTENANCE

Highlights the importance of foam gaskets for LED sources and their replacement.

MATCH VALVE MAINTENANCE

Explains how to unstick the match valve and provides procedures for cleaning pads and holes.

IRGA MAINTENANCE

Covers maintenance of chemical bottles and cleaning the optical bench mirrors and windows.

SERVICING THE EXTERNAL CO2 SOURCE ASSEMBLY

Provides instructions for oil filter replacement and servicing the mixer.

SHIPPING THE LI-6400

Offers tips for safely transporting the LI-6400 in its shipping case.

USEFUL PART NUMBERS

Lists part numbers for various components.

Troubleshooting

When things go wrong

Provides a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting various issues encountered with the LI-6400.

POWER ON / START-UP PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the instrument not powering on or restarting automatically.

REAL TIME CLOCK PROBLEMS

Discusses problems with the real-time clock not keeping time or displaying a "Clock Stopped" message.

NEW MEASUREMENTS MODE WARNING MESSAGES

Explains various warning messages that can appear in New Measurements mode and their meanings.

UNREASONABLE RESULTS

Guides users on how to identify and troubleshoot unreasonable measurement values for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

PUMP/FLOW PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to pump and flow control, including inability to achieve high flow rates.

IRGA PROBLEMS

Covers problems with IRGAs, including "IRGAs Not Ready" messages and unresponsive IRGAs.

MATCH VALVE PROBLEMS

Discusses issues related to the match valve, such as "CO2 has Changed" messages and the valve not moving.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER PROBLEMS

Details common problems with the CO2 mixer, including staying at zero, instability, and cartridge issues.

LIGHT SOURCE / SENSOR PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the light source and sensors, such as no lamp control or PAR sensor reading negative.

CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Covers problems related to the chamber, including the mixing fan and connector issues.

FINDING LEAKS

Provides guidance on identifying and fixing leaks in the sensor head and console.

SOIL CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Addresses specific problems related to the soil chamber, such as the pump not running or CO2 not drawing down.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Includes information on the diagnostic display and AGC voltages.

Diagnostics and Utilities

Useful programs

Lists diagnostic and utility programs available on the LI-6400.

DIAGNOSTICS & TESTS MENU

Details programs within the Diagnostics and Tests Menu, such as CO2 Mixer Test and Match Valve Tester.

/SYS/UTILITY PROGRAMS

Lists utility programs in the /sys/utility directory, including Control Panel and ENERGYBAL.

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language

Introduces LPL as a language for data collection and manipulation on the LI-6400.

OVERVIEW OF LPL

Provides a general overview of LPL, its applications, and capabilities.

MAKING OBJECTS

Explains how to declare objects (variables, arrays) in LPL programs.

FUNCTIONS

Details the structure and use of functions, including the Main function and the stack.

POINTERS

Explains the concept of pointers, PTR arrays, and their uses in LPL.

PUBLIC AND STATIC

Discusses object scope and how to declare public variables.

COMPILER DIRECTIVES

Summarizes general-purpose compiler directives.

LPL Topics

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

STACK CONTROL

Covers basic stack manipulation tools like FLUSH, DUP, SWAP, DROP, and ROT.

CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS

Explains basic flow control using IF…ELSE…THEN and LOOP…ENDLOOP structures.

ARRAY OPERATIONS

Details various methods for manipulating arrays, including equating, mathematical operators, and I/O tools.

MATH FUNCTIONS

Lists and describes mathematical functions available in LPL for numerical operations.

DISPLAY CONTROL

Covers tools for controlling the text display, including windows and cursor attributes.

KEYBOARD CONTROL

Explains how LPL interacts with the keyboard, including behavior and key codes.

CLOCK

Describes LPL's support for real-time clock functions and time conversions.

EVENT HANDLING

Introduces event handling for managing user keystrokes, I/O data, and timer interrupts.

THE FUNCTION KEYS

Explains how to define and use function keys (softkeys) for user interface control.

I/O PROGRAMMING

Covers tools for moving information to and from devices via paths, including file and comm port operations.

FILE SYSTEM

Describes the LI-6400's hierarchical file system structure, controls for files, directories, and disks.

MENUS AND EDITORS

Details tools for creating and customizing menus and editors in LPL.

GRAPHICS

Covers LPL's graphics tools for drawing, plotting, and handling images.

RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS

Explains tools for dealing with the Comm Port and setting communication parameters.

ANALOG MEASUREMENTS

Describes capabilities for analog measurements, including groups, channels, and setting up measurements.

ANALOG OUTPUT CONTROL (D/A)

Provides tools for controlling D/A converters.

DIGITAL I/O

Covers keywords for digital input and output operations, including ports, pins, and counters.

APPLICATION TOOLS

Lists tools for running LPL programs from other LPL programs, including RUN, COMPILE, and DEBUG.

BATTERY AND POWER

Discusses LPL keywords related to battery status and power control.

LPL Reference

Keyword Summary

A summary of LPL keywords and their descriptions.

SYNTAX SUMMARIES

Provides syntax summaries for LPL type declarations and compiler directives.

DEFINITIONS

Explains LPL keywords, stack requirements, and conventions for describing them.

THE REFERENCE

Contains a detailed reference of LPL keywords, including their initial and final parameters.

AutoProgramming Reference

Making them do what you what them to do

Explains the concept of AutoPrograms and how to make them do specific tasks.

AUTOPROGRAM FORMAT

Details the structure and format of AutoPrograms.

SOME AUTOPROGRAM LISTINGS

Provides listings and descriptions of standard AutoPrograms like AutoLog and LightCurve.

USEFUL AUTOPROGRAM COMMANDS

Lists and describes useful commands for controlling AutoPrograms.

AUTOPROGRAMS AND THE CONTROL MANAGER

Explains how AutoPrograms interact with the Control Manager and variable tracking.

LOW LEVEL CONTROL TOOLS

Covers general control functions for hardware components like flow, mixer, coolers, and fans.

Customizing Open

“Cry ‘Havoc’ - and let slip the dogs of war”

An introductory section on customizing OPEN, focusing on the Patch= command.

USING PATCH=

Explains how to add a Patch= command to a configuration file for modifying system variables.

USEFUL VARIABLES

Lists variables useful for modifying A/D behavior and New Measurements settings.

OPEN’s HOOKS

Discusses hooks, which allow users to substitute their own functions for default actions at strategic points.

NEW STYLE COMPUTELIST FILES

Explains the new style ComputeList files and how to generate them from old styles.

USING SPARE CHANNELS

Details how to use spare analog and digital input/output channels for custom applications.

Digital Output

Covers controlling digital output channels using the DIOSET command.

Digital Input

Explains how to use digital input channels for detecting switch closures or counting pulses.

Pulse Counting

Describes the pulse counting channel and how to connect it.

Summary of the Console’s 37 Pin Connector

Lists the pin assignments for the LI-6400 console's 37-pin connector.

Part IV: Configuration Issues

OPEN’s System Variables

Details quantities defined, computed, and maintained by OPEN, referred to as System Variables.

Defining User Variables

Equations, Constants, and Remarks

Explains how the ComputeList File can be used to make extra user-defined constants and remarks.

THE COMPUTELIST FILE

Describes ComputeLists as files containing variables and constants, stored in /User/Configs/Comps.

COMPUTELIST FILE FORMAT

Details the required format for items in a ComputeList file, including ID number, format code, label, and equation.

WRITING AND MODIFYING COMPUTELIST FILES

Covers options for editing ComputeList files, including using the system editor or writing a new file.

USER DEFINED CONSTANTS AND REMARKS

Explains how to define numerical user constants using UCON() and string remarks using UREM().

EXAMPLES

Provides examples of defining user variables, such as water use efficiency.

USEFUL VARIABLES AND FUNCTIONS

Lists useful functions and operators for LPL programming.

THE DEFAULT COMPUTELIST

Shows the default ComputeList, illustrating equations for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

OLD STYLE VS. NEW STYLE

Discusses the differences between old and new style ComputeList formats, and the advantages of the new style.

Configuration Basics

What you need to know to get by

Explains the configuration scheme and the role of configuration helpers like Installation Menu and Config Editor.

A Definition of Terms

Defines key terms like configuration files, commands, and master/user files.

Making Configuration Files

Details methods for building configuration files using the Installation Menu and Config Editor.

INSTALLATION MENU: BEHIND THE SCENES

Explains the process of installing sensors and building configurations via the Installation Menu.

MODIFYING CONFIG FILES

Covers modifying configuration files using various tools like Config Status and Config Editor.

THE RESET MENU

Explains how to reset configurations to factory defaults or user-defined settings.

CONFIGURATION COMMAND SUMMARY

Lists and explains configuration commands used in configuration files.

Using an Energy Balance

Computing what you can’t measure

Introduces the concept of using energy balance to determine leaf temperature and boundary layer conductance.

THE THEORY

Explains the energy balance equation and its components: net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux.

USING ENERGY BALANCE IN OPEN

Details how to implement energy balance computations using the Installation Menu and ComputeLists.

ENERGY BALANCE AND BOUNDARY LAYER

Discusses measuring boundary layer conductance using filter paper and applying energy balance analysis.

FURTHER READING

Lists references for further study on related topics.

Calibration Issues

How much is good data worth?

Discusses the importance of calibration for sensor accuracy and data quality.

CO2 AND H2O ANALYZERS

Covers factory calibration, user calibration (zero and span), and procedures for setting CO2 and H2O zeros.

FLOW METER

Details factory calibration and zeroing procedures for the flow meter.

VIEW, STORE ZEROS & SPANS

Explains how to view, store, and revert IRGA and flow meter zero and span settings.

ZEROING THE LEAF TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLE

Describes the process of zeroing the leaf temperature thermocouple.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER

Covers calibration procedures for the CO2 mixer.

6400-02(B) LED SOURCE

Details calibration procedures for LED light sources.

GAASP LIGHT SENSORS

Explains factory calibration and generating calibration corrections for GaAsP sensors.

CALIBRATION AND CONFIGURATION FILE SUMMARY

Provides a summary of calibration and configuration files, including /dev files and the Configs directory.

Maintenance & Service

The care and feeding of your new pet

A general overview of maintenance and service tasks for the LI-6400.

CHEMICAL TUBES

Covers maintenance for chemical tubes, including removing, cleaning threads, replacing air mufflers, and using Drierite and soda lime.

6400-03 BATTERIES

Details charging, storing, and replacing the battery fuse for the 6400-03 batteries.

SYSTEM CONSOLE

Explains cleaning the console, opening it, and replacing the air filter and fuses.

REAL TIME CLOCK

Discusses real-time clock battery replacement and troubleshooting.

CABLES

Covers maintenance for cables, including insulation and replacing connector screws.

THE CHAMBER HANDLE

Details handle maintenance, latch mechanism, return spring, and handle removal.

LED SOURCE MAINTENANCE

Highlights the importance of foam gaskets for LED sources and their replacement.

MATCH VALVE MAINTENANCE

Explains how to unstick the match valve and provides procedures for cleaning pads and holes.

IRGA MAINTENANCE

Covers maintenance of chemical bottles and cleaning the optical bench mirrors and windows.

SERVICING THE EXTERNAL CO2 SOURCE ASSEMBLY

Provides instructions for oil filter replacement and servicing the mixer.

SHIPPING THE LI-6400

Offers tips for safely transporting the LI-6400 in its shipping case.

USEFUL PART NUMBERS

Lists part numbers for various components.

Troubleshooting

When things go wrong

Provides a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting various issues encountered with the LI-6400.

POWER ON / START-UP PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the instrument not powering on or restarting automatically.

REAL TIME CLOCK PROBLEMS

Discusses problems with the real-time clock not keeping time or displaying a "Clock Stopped" message.

NEW MEASUREMENTS MODE WARNING MESSAGES

Explains various warning messages that can appear in New Measurements mode and their meanings.

UNREASONABLE RESULTS

Guides users on how to identify and troubleshoot unreasonable measurement values for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

PUMP/FLOW PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to pump and flow control, including inability to achieve high flow rates.

IRGA PROBLEMS

Covers problems with IRGAs, including "IRGAs Not Ready" messages and unresponsive IRGAs.

MATCH VALVE PROBLEMS

Discusses issues related to the match valve, such as "CO2 has Changed" messages and the valve not moving.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER PROBLEMS

Details common problems with the CO2 mixer, including staying at zero, instability, and cartridge issues.

LIGHT SOURCE / SENSOR PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the light source and sensors, such as no lamp control or PAR sensor reading negative.

CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Covers problems related to the chamber, including the mixing fan and connector issues.

FINDING LEAKS

Provides guidance on identifying and fixing leaks in the sensor head and console.

SOIL CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Addresses specific problems related to the soil chamber, such as the pump not running or CO2 not drawing down.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Includes information on the diagnostic display and AGC voltages.

Diagnostics and Utilities

Useful programs

Lists diagnostic and utility programs available on the LI-6400.

DIAGNOSTICS & TESTS MENU

Details programs within the Diagnostics and Tests Menu, such as CO2 Mixer Test and Match Valve Tester.

/SYS/UTILITY PROGRAMS

Lists utility programs in the /sys/utility directory, including Control Panel and ENERGYBAL.

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language

Introduces LPL as a language for data collection and manipulation on the LI-6400.

OVERVIEW OF LPL

Provides a general overview of LPL, its applications, and capabilities.

MAKING OBJECTS

Explains how to declare objects (variables, arrays) in LPL programs.

FUNCTIONS

Details the structure and use of functions, including the Main function and the stack.

POINTERS

Explains the concept of pointers, PTR arrays, and their uses in LPL.

PUBLIC AND STATIC

Discusses object scope and how to declare public variables.

COMPILER DIRECTIVES

Summarizes general-purpose compiler directives.

LPL Topics

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

STACK CONTROL

Covers basic stack manipulation tools like FLUSH, DUP, SWAP, DROP, and ROT.

CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS

Explains basic flow control using IF…ELSE…THEN and LOOP…ENDLOOP structures.

ARRAY OPERATIONS

Details various methods for manipulating arrays, including equating, mathematical operators, and I/O tools.

MATH FUNCTIONS

Lists and describes mathematical functions available in LPL for numerical operations.

DISPLAY CONTROL

Covers tools for controlling the text display, including windows and cursor attributes.

KEYBOARD CONTROL

Explains how LPL interacts with the keyboard, including behavior and key codes.

CLOCK

Describes LPL's support for real-time clock functions and time conversions.

EVENT HANDLING

Introduces event handling for managing user keystrores, I/O data, and timer interrupts.

THE FUNCTION KEYS

Explains how to define and use function keys (softkeys) for user interface control.

I/O PROGRAMMING

Covers tools for moving information to and from devices via paths, including file and comm port operations.

FILE SYSTEM

Describes the LI-6400's hierarchical file system structure, controls for files, directories, and disks.

MENUS AND EDITORS

Details tools for creating and customizing menus and editors in LPL.

GRAPHICS

Covers LPL's graphics tools for drawing, plotting, and handling images.

RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS

Explains tools for dealing with the Comm Port and setting communication parameters.

ANALOG MEASUREMENTS

Describes capabilities for analog measurements, including groups, channels, and setting up measurements.

ANALOG OUTPUT CONTROL (D/A)

Provides tools for controlling D/A converters.

DIGITAL I/O

Covers keywords for digital input and output operations, including ports, pins, and counters.

APPLICATION TOOLS

Lists tools for running LPL programs from other LPL programs, including RUN, COMPILE, and DEBUG.

BATTERY AND POWER

Discusses LPL keywords related to battery status and power control.

LPL Reference

Keyword Summary

A summary of LPL keywords and their descriptions.

SYNTAX SUMMARIES

Provides syntax summaries for LPL type declarations and compiler directives.

DEFINITIONS

Explains LPL keywords, stack requirements, and conventions for describing them.

THE REFERENCE

Contains a detailed reference of LPL keywords, including their initial and final parameters.

AutoProgramming Reference

Making them do what you what them to do

Explains the concept of AutoPrograms and how to make them do specific tasks.

AUTOPROGRAM FORMAT

Details the structure and format of AutoPrograms.

SOME AUTOPROGRAM LISTINGS

Provides listings and descriptions of standard AutoPrograms like AutoLog and LightCurve.

USEFUL AUTOPROGRAM COMMANDS

Lists and describes useful commands for controlling AutoPrograms.

AUTOPROGRAMS AND THE CONTROL MANAGER

Explains how AutoPrograms interact with the Control Manager and variable tracking.

LOW LEVEL CONTROL TOOLS

Covers general control functions for hardware components like flow, mixer, coolers, and fans.

Customizing Open

“Cry ‘Havoc’ - and let slip the dogs of war”

An introductory section on customizing OPEN, focusing on the Patch= command.

USING PATCH=

Explains how to add a Patch= command to a configuration file for modifying system variables.

USEFUL VARIABLES

Lists variables useful for modifying A/D behavior and New Measurements settings.

OPEN’s HOOKS

Discusses hooks, which allow users to substitute their own functions for default actions at strategic points.

NEW STYLE COMPUTELIST FILES

Explains the new style ComputeList files and how to generate them from old styles.

USING SPARE CHANNELS

Details how to use spare analog and digital input/output channels for custom applications.

Digital Output

Covers controlling digital output channels using the DIOSET command.

Digital Input

Explains how to use digital input channels for detecting switch closures or counting pulses.

Pulse Counting

Describes the pulse counting channel and how to connect it.

Summary of the Console’s 37 Pin Connector

Lists the pin assignments for the LI-6400 console's 37-pin connector.

Part V: Maintenance & Troubleshooting

Calibration Issues

Discusses calibration requirements for various sensors and accessories, including user and factory calibration procedures.

Troubleshooting

When things go wrong

Provides a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting various issues encountered with the LI-6400.

POWER ON / START-UP PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the instrument not powering on or restarting automatically.

REAL TIME CLOCK PROBLEMS

Discusses problems with the real-time clock not keeping time or displaying a "Clock Stopped" message.

NEW MEASUREMENTS MODE WARNING MESSAGES

Explains various warning messages that can appear in New Measurements mode and their meanings.

UNREASONABLE RESULTS

Guides users on how to identify and troubleshoot unreasonable measurement values for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

PUMP/FLOW PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to pump and flow control, including inability to achieve high flow rates.

IRGA PROBLEMS

Covers problems with IRGAs, including "IRGAs Not Ready" messages and unresponsive IRGAs.

MATCH VALVE PROBLEMS

Discusses issues related to the match valve, such as "CO2 has Changed" messages and the valve not moving.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER PROBLEMS

Details common problems with the CO2 mixer, including staying at zero, instability, and cartridge issues.

LIGHT SOURCE / SENSOR PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the light source and sensors, such as no lamp control or PAR sensor reading negative.

CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Covers problems related to the chamber, including the mixing fan and connector issues.

FINDING LEAKS

Provides guidance on identifying and fixing leaks in the sensor head and console.

SOIL CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Addresses specific problems related to the soil chamber, such as the pump not running or CO2 not drawing down.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Includes information on the diagnostic display and AGC voltages.

Part VI: Programming

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

LPL Topics

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

STACK CONTROL

Covers basic stack manipulation tools like FLUSH, DUP, SWAP, DROP, and ROT.

CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS

Explains basic flow control using IF…ELSE…THEN and LOOP…ENDLOOP structures.

ARRAY OPERATIONS

Details various methods for manipulating arrays, including equating, mathematical operators, and I/O tools.

MATH FUNCTIONS

Lists and describes mathematical functions available in LPL for numerical operations.

DISPLAY CONTROL

Covers tools for controlling the text display, including windows and cursor attributes.

KEYBOARD CONTROL

Explains how LPL interacts with the keyboard, including behavior and key codes.

CLOCK

Describes LPL's support for real-time clock functions and time conversions.

EVENT HANDLING

Introduces event handling for managing user keystrokes, I/O data, and timer interrupts.

THE FUNCTION KEYS

Explains how to define and use function keys (softkeys) for user interface control.

I/O PROGRAMMING

Covers tools for moving information to and from devices via paths, including file and comm port operations.

FILE SYSTEM

Describes the LI-6400's hierarchical file system structure, controls for files, directories, and disks.

MENUS AND EDITORS

Details tools for creating and customizing menus and editors in LPL.

GRAPHICS

Covers LPL's graphics tools for drawing, plotting, and handling images.

RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS

Explains tools for dealing with the Comm Port and setting communication parameters.

ANALOG MEASUREMENTS

Describes capabilities for analog measurements, including groups, channels, and setting up measurements.

ANALOG OUTPUT CONTROL (D/A)

Provides tools for controlling D/A converters.

DIGITAL I/O

Covers keywords for digital input and output operations, including ports, pins, and counters.

APPLICATION TOOLS

Lists tools for running LPL programs from other LPL programs, including RUN, COMPILE, and DEBUG.

BATTERY AND POWER

Discusses LPL keywords related to battery status and power control.

LPL Reference

Keyword Summary

A summary of LPL keywords and their descriptions.

SYNTAX SUMMARIES

Provides syntax summaries for LPL type declarations and compiler directives.

DEFINITIONS

Explains LPL keywords, stack requirements, and conventions for describing them.

THE REFERENCE

Contains a detailed reference of LPL keywords, including their initial and final parameters.

AutoProgramming Reference

Making them do what you what them to do

Explains the concept of AutoPrograms and how to make them do specific tasks.

AUTOPROGRAM FORMAT

Details the structure and format of AutoPrograms.

SOME AUTOPROGRAM LISTINGS

Provides listings and descriptions of standard AutoPrograms like AutoLog and LightCurve.

USEFUL AUTOPROGRAM COMMANDS

Lists and describes useful commands for controlling AutoPrograms.

AUTOPROGRAMS AND THE CONTROL MANAGER

Explains how AutoPrograms interact with the Control Manager and variable tracking.

LOW LEVEL CONTROL TOOLS

Covers general control functions for hardware components like flow, mixer, coolers, and fans.

Customizing Open

“Cry ‘Havoc’ - and let slip the dogs of war”

An introductory section on customizing OPEN, focusing on the Patch= command.

USING PATCH=

Explains how to add a Patch= command to a configuration file for modifying system variables.

USEFUL VARIABLES

Lists variables useful for modifying A/D behavior and New Measurements settings.

OPEN’s HOOKS

Discusses hooks, which allow users to substitute their own functions for default actions at strategic points.

NEW STYLE COMPUTELIST FILES

Explains the new style ComputeList files and how to generate them from old styles.

USING SPARE CHANNELS

Details how to use spare analog and digital input/output channels for custom applications.

Digital Output

Covers controlling digital output channels using the DIOSET command.

Digital Input

Explains how to use digital input channels for detecting switch closures or counting pulses.

Pulse Counting

Describes the pulse counting channel and how to connect it.

Summary of the Console’s 37 Pin Connector

Lists the pin assignments for the LI-6400 console's 37-pin connector.

Part III: Working With Files

The LPL File System

Describes the LI-6400's file system structure, partitioning storage into disks, directories, and files.

Recomputing Data Files

How to recompute data files

Outlines reasons for recomputing data, such as changing leaf area or computed variables.

Reasons to Recompute

Explains common reasons for recomputing data, including leaf area, stored variables, and computed quantities.

A Step By Step Example

Provides a practical example of recomputing a file with corrected leaf area and stomatal ratio.

The Details

Describes the main screen of the recompute program and its entries.

Hints

Offers tips on suppressing variable recomputation and handling multiple appended files.

Configuration Basics

What you need to know to get by

Explains the configuration scheme and the role of configuration helpers like Installation Menu and Config Editor.

A Definition of Terms

Defines key terms like configuration files, commands, and master/user files.

Making Configuration Files

Details methods for building configuration files using the Installation Menu and Config Editor.

INSTALLATION MENU: BEHIND THE SCENES

Explains the process of installing sensors and building configurations via the Installation Menu.

MODIFYING CONFIG FILES

Covers modifying configuration files using various tools like Config Status and Config Editor.

THE RESET MENU

Explains how to reset configurations to factory defaults or user-defined settings.

CONFIGURATION COMMAND SUMMARY

Lists and explains configuration commands used in configuration files.

Using an Energy Balance

Computing what you can’t measure

Introduces the concept of using energy balance to determine leaf temperature and boundary layer conductance.

THE THEORY

Explains the energy balance equation and its components: net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux.

USING ENERGY BALANCE IN OPEN

Details how to implement energy balance computations using the Installation Menu and ComputeLists.

ENERGY BALANCE AND BOUNDARY LAYER

Discusses measuring boundary layer conductance using filter paper and applying energy balance analysis.

FURTHER READING

Lists references for further study on related topics.

Calibration Issues

How much is good data worth?

Discusses the importance of calibration for sensor accuracy and data quality.

CO2 AND H2O ANALYZERS

Covers factory calibration, user calibration (zero and span), and procedures for setting CO2 and H2O zeros.

FLOW METER

Details factory calibration and zeroing procedures for the flow meter.

VIEW, STORE ZEROS & SPANS

Explains how to view, store, and revert IRGA and flow meter zero and span settings.

ZEROING THE LEAF TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLE

Describes the process of zeroing the leaf temperature thermocouple.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER

Covers calibration procedures for the CO2 mixer.

6400-02(B) LED SOURCE

Details calibration procedures for LED light sources.

GAASP LIGHT SENSORS

Explains factory calibration and generating calibration corrections for GaAsP sensors.

CALIBRATION AND CONFIGURATION FILE SUMMARY

Provides a summary of calibration and configuration files, including /dev files and the Configs directory.

Maintenance & Service

The care and feeding of your new pet

A general overview of maintenance and service tasks for the LI-6400.

CHEMICAL TUBES

Covers maintenance for chemical tubes, including removing, cleaning threads, replacing air mufflers, and using Drierite and soda lime.

6400-03 BATTERIES

Details charging, storing, and replacing the battery fuse for the 6400-03 batteries.

SYSTEM CONSOLE

Explains cleaning the console, opening it, and replacing the air filter and fuses.

REAL TIME CLOCK

Discusses real-time clock battery replacement and troubleshooting.

CABLES

Covers maintenance for cables, including insulation and replacing connector screws.

THE CHAMBER HANDLE

Details handle maintenance, latch mechanism, return spring, and handle removal.

LED SOURCE MAINTENANCE

Highlights the importance of foam gaskets for LED sources and their replacement.

MATCH VALVE MAINTENANCE

Explains how to unstick the match valve and provides procedures for cleaning pads and holes.

IRGA MAINTENANCE

Covers maintenance of chemical bottles and cleaning the optical bench mirrors and windows.

SERVICING THE EXTERNAL CO2 SOURCE ASSEMBLY

Provides instructions for oil filter replacement and servicing the mixer.

SHIPPING THE LI-6400

Offers tips for safely transporting the LI-6400 in its shipping case.

USEFUL PART NUMBERS

Lists part numbers for various components.

Troubleshooting

When things go wrong

Provides a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting various issues encountered with the LI-6400.

POWER ON / START-UP PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the instrument not powering on or restarting automatically.

REAL TIME CLOCK PROBLEMS

Discusses problems with the real-time clock not keeping time or displaying a "Clock Stopped" message.

NEW MEASUREMENTS MODE WARNING MESSAGES

Explains various warning messages that can appear in New Measurements mode and their meanings.

UNREASONABLE RESULTS

Guides users on how to identify and troubleshoot unreasonable measurement values for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

PUMP/FLOW PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to pump and flow control, including inability to achieve high flow rates.

IRGA PROBLEMS

Covers problems with IRGAs, including "IRGAs Not Ready" messages and unresponsive IRGAs.

MATCH VALVE PROBLEMS

Discusses issues related to the match valve, such as "CO2 has Changed" messages and the valve not moving.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER PROBLEMS

Details common problems with the CO2 mixer, including staying at zero, instability, and cartridge issues.

LIGHT SOURCE / SENSOR PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the light source and sensors, such as no lamp control or PAR sensor reading negative.

CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Covers problems related to the chamber, including the mixing fan and connector issues.

FINDING LEAKS

Provides guidance on identifying and fixing leaks in the sensor head and console.

SOIL CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Addresses specific problems related to the soil chamber, such as the pump not running or CO2 not drawing down.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Includes information on the diagnostic display and AGC voltages.

Part VI: Programming

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

LPL Topics

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

STACK CONTROL

Covers basic stack manipulation tools like FLUSH, DUP, SWAP, DROP, and ROT.

CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS

Explains basic flow control using IF…ELSE…THEN and LOOP…ENDLOOP structures.

ARRAY OPERATIONS

Details various methods for manipulating arrays, including equating, mathematical operators, and I/O tools.

MATH FUNCTIONS

Lists and describes mathematical functions available in LPL for numerical operations.

DISPLAY CONTROL

Covers tools for controlling the text display, including windows and cursor attributes.

KEYBOARD CONTROL

Explains how LPL interacts with the keyboard, including behavior and key codes.

CLOCK

Describes LPL's support for real-time clock functions and time conversions.

EVENT HANDLING

Introduces event handling for managing user keystrokes, I/O data, and timer interrupts.

THE FUNCTION KEYS

Explains how to define and use function keys (softkeys) for user interface control.

I/O PROGRAMMING

Covers tools for moving information to and from devices via paths, including file and comm port operations.

FILE SYSTEM

Describes the LI-6400's hierarchical file system structure, controls for files, directories, and disks.

MENUS AND EDITORS

Details tools for creating and customizing menus and editors in LPL.

GRAPHICS

Covers LPL's graphics tools for drawing, plotting, and handling images.

RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS

Explains tools for dealing with the Comm Port and setting communication parameters.

ANALOG MEASUREMENTS

Describes capabilities for analog measurements, including groups, channels, and setting up measurements.

ANALOG OUTPUT CONTROL (D/A)

Provides tools for controlling D/A converters.

DIGITAL I/O

Covers keywords for digital input and output operations, including ports, pins, and counters.

APPLICATION TOOLS

Lists tools for running LPL programs from other LPL programs, including RUN, COMPILE, and DEBUG.

BATTERY AND POWER

Discusses LPL keywords related to battery status and power control.

LPL Reference

Keyword Summary

A summary of LPL keywords and their descriptions.

SYNTAX SUMMARIES

Provides syntax summaries for LPL type declarations and compiler directives.

DEFINITIONS

Explains LPL keywords, stack requirements, and conventions for describing them.

THE REFERENCE

Contains a detailed reference of LPL keywords, including their initial and final parameters.

AutoProgramming Reference

Making them do what you what them to do

Explains the concept of AutoPrograms and how to make them do specific tasks.

AUTOPROGRAM FORMAT

Details the structure and format of AutoPrograms.

SOME AUTOPROGRAM LISTINGS

Provides listings and descriptions of standard AutoPrograms like AutoLog and LightCurve.

USEFUL AUTOPROGRAM COMMANDS

Lists and describes useful commands for controlling AutoPrograms.

AUTOPROGRAMS AND THE CONTROL MANAGER

Explains how AutoPrograms interact with the Control Manager and variable tracking.

LOW LEVEL CONTROL TOOLS

Covers general control functions for hardware components like flow, mixer, coolers, and fans.

Customizing Open

“Cry ‘Havoc’ - and let slip the dogs of war”

An introductory section on customizing OPEN, focusing on the Patch= command.

USING PATCH=

Explains how to add a Patch= command to a configuration file for modifying system variables.

USEFUL VARIABLES

Lists variables useful for modifying A/D behavior and New Measurements settings.

OPEN’s HOOKS

Discusses hooks, which allow users to substitute their own functions for default actions at strategic points.

NEW STYLE COMPUTELIST FILES

Explains the new style ComputeList files and how to generate them from old styles.

USING SPARE CHANNELS

Details how to use spare analog and digital input/output channels for custom applications.

Digital Output

Covers controlling digital output channels using the DIOSET command.

Digital Input

Explains how to use digital input channels for detecting switch closures or counting pulses.

Pulse Counting

Describes the pulse counting channel and how to connect it.

Summary of the Console’s 37 Pin Connector

Lists the pin assignments for the LI-6400 console's 37-pin connector.

Part III: Working With Files

The LPL File System

Describes the LI-6400's file system structure, partitioning storage into disks, directories, and files.

Recomputing Data Files

How to recompute data files

Outlines reasons for recomputing data, such as changing leaf area or computed variables.

Reasons to Recompute

Explains common reasons for recomputing data, including leaf area, stored variables, and computed quantities.

A Step By Step Example

Provides a practical example of recomputing a file with corrected leaf area and stomatal ratio.

The Details

Describes the main screen of the recompute program and its entries.

Hints

Offers tips on suppressing variable recomputation and handling multiple appended files.

Configuration Basics

What you need to know to get by

Explains the configuration scheme and the role of configuration helpers like Installation Menu and Config Editor.

A Definition of Terms

Defines key terms like configuration files, commands, and master/user files.

Making Configuration Files

Details methods for building configuration files using the Installation Menu and Config Editor.

INSTALLATION MENU: BEHIND THE SCENES

Explains the process of installing sensors and building configurations via the Installation Menu.

MODIFYING CONFIG FILES

Covers modifying configuration files using various tools like Config Status and Config Editor.

THE RESET MENU

Explains how to reset configurations to factory defaults or user-defined settings.

CONFIGURATION COMMAND SUMMARY

Lists and explains configuration commands used in configuration files.

Using an Energy Balance

Computing what you can’t measure

Introduces the concept of using energy balance to determine leaf temperature and boundary layer conductance.

THE THEORY

Explains the energy balance equation and its components: net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux.

USING ENERGY BALANCE IN OPEN

Details how to implement energy balance computations using the Installation Menu and ComputeLists.

ENERGY BALANCE AND BOUNDARY LAYER

Discusses measuring boundary layer conductance using filter paper and applying energy balance analysis.

FURTHER READING

Lists references for further study on related topics.

Calibration Issues

How much is good data worth?

Discusses the importance of calibration for sensor accuracy and data quality.

CO2 AND H2O ANALYZERS

Covers factory calibration, user calibration (zero and span), and procedures for setting CO2 and H2O zeros.

FLOW METER

Details factory calibration and zeroing procedures for the flow meter.

VIEW, STORE ZEROS & SPANS

Explains how to view, store, and revert IRGA and flow meter zero and span settings.

ZEROING THE LEAF TEMPERATURE THERMOCOUPLE

Describes the process of zeroing the leaf temperature thermocouple.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER

Covers calibration procedures for the CO2 mixer.

6400-02(B) LED SOURCE

Details calibration procedures for LED light sources.

GAASP LIGHT SENSORS

Explains factory calibration and generating calibration corrections for GaAsP sensors.

CALIBRATION AND CONFIGURATION FILE SUMMARY

Provides a summary of calibration and configuration files, including /dev files and the Configs directory.

Maintenance & Service

The care and feeding of your new pet

A general overview of maintenance and service tasks for the LI-6400.

CHEMICAL TUBES

Covers maintenance for chemical tubes, including removing, cleaning threads, replacing air mufflers, and using Drierite and soda lime.

6400-03 BATTERIES

Details charging, storing, and replacing the battery fuse for the 6400-03 batteries.

SYSTEM CONSOLE

Explains cleaning the console, opening it, and replacing the air filter and fuses.

REAL TIME CLOCK

Discusses real-time clock battery replacement and troubleshooting.

CABLES

Covers maintenance for cables, including insulation and replacing connector screws.

THE CHAMBER HANDLE

Details handle maintenance, latch mechanism, return spring, and handle removal.

LED SOURCE MAINTENANCE

Highlights the importance of foam gaskets for LED sources and their replacement.

MATCH VALVE MAINTENANCE

Explains how to unstick the match valve and provides procedures for cleaning pads and holes.

IRGA MAINTENANCE

Covers maintenance of chemical bottles and cleaning the optical bench mirrors and windows.

SERVICING THE EXTERNAL CO2 SOURCE ASSEMBLY

Provides instructions for oil filter replacement and servicing the mixer.

SHIPPING THE LI-6400

Offers tips for safely transporting the LI-6400 in its shipping case.

USEFUL PART NUMBERS

Lists part numbers for various components.

Troubleshooting

When things go wrong

Provides a comprehensive guide to troubleshooting various issues encountered with the LI-6400.

POWER ON / START-UP PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the instrument not powering on or restarting automatically.

REAL TIME CLOCK PROBLEMS

Discusses problems with the real-time clock not keeping time or displaying a "Clock Stopped" message.

NEW MEASUREMENTS MODE WARNING MESSAGES

Explains various warning messages that can appear in New Measurements mode and their meanings.

UNREASONABLE RESULTS

Guides users on how to identify and troubleshoot unreasonable measurement values for photosynthesis, conductance, etc.

PUMP/FLOW PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to pump and flow control, including inability to achieve high flow rates.

IRGA PROBLEMS

Covers problems with IRGAs, including "IRGAs Not Ready" messages and unresponsive IRGAs.

MATCH VALVE PROBLEMS

Discusses issues related to the match valve, such as "CO2 has Changed" messages and the valve not moving.

6400-01 CO2 MIXER PROBLEMS

Details common problems with the CO2 mixer, including staying at zero, instability, and cartridge issues.

LIGHT SOURCE / SENSOR PROBLEMS

Addresses issues related to the light source and sensors, such as no lamp control or PAR sensor reading negative.

CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Covers problems related to the chamber, including the mixing fan and connector issues.

FINDING LEAKS

Provides guidance on identifying and fixing leaks in the sensor head and console.

SOIL CHAMBER PROBLEMS

Addresses specific problems related to the soil chamber, such as the pump not running or CO2 not drawing down.

USEFUL INFORMATION

Includes information on the diagnostic display and AGC voltages.

Part VI: Programming

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

LPL Topics

Programming with LPL

An introduction to the LI-6400’s programming language.

STACK CONTROL

Covers basic stack manipulation tools like FLUSH, DUP, SWAP, DROP, and ROT.

CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS

Explains basic flow control using IF…ELSE…THEN and LOOP…ENDLOOP structures.

ARRAY OPERATIONS

Details various methods for manipulating arrays, including equating, mathematical operators, and I/O tools.

MATH FUNCTIONS

Lists and describes mathematical functions available in LPL for numerical operations.

DISPLAY CONTROL

Covers tools for controlling the text display, including windows and cursor attributes.

KEYBOARD CONTROL

Explains how LPL interacts with the keyboard, including behavior and key codes.

CLOCK

Describes LPL's support for real-time clock functions and time conversions.

EVENT HANDLING

Introduces event handling for managing user keystrokes, I/O data, and timer interrupts.

THE FUNCTION KEYS

Explains how to define and use function keys (softkeys) for user interface control.

I/O PROGRAMMING

Covers tools for moving information to and from devices via paths, including file and comm port operations.

FILE SYSTEM

Describes the LI-6400's hierarchical file system structure, controls for files, directories, and disks.

MENUS AND EDITORS

Details tools for creating and customizing menus and editors in LPL.

GRAPHICS

Covers LPL's graphics tools for drawing, plotting, and handling images.

RS-232 COMMUNICATIONS

Explains tools for dealing with the Comm Port and setting communication parameters.

ANALOG MEASUREMENTS

Describes capabilities for analog measurements, including groups, channels, and setting up measurements.

ANALOG OUTPUT CONTROL (D/A)

Provides tools for controlling D/A converters.

DIGITAL I/O

Covers keywords for digital input and output operations, including ports, pins, and counters.

APPLICATION TOOLS

Lists tools for running LPL programs from other LPL programs, including RUN, COMPILE, and DEBUG.

BATTERY AND POWER

Discusses LPL keywords related to battery status and power control.

LPL Reference

Keyword Summary

A summary of LPL keywords and their descriptions.

SYNTAX SUMMARIES

Provides syntax summaries for LPL type declarations and compiler directives.

DEFINITIONS

Explains LPL keywords, stack requirements, and conventions for describing them.

THE REFERENCE

Contains a detailed reference of LPL keywords, including their initial and final parameters.

AutoProgramming Reference

Making them do what you what them to do

Explains the concept of AutoPrograms and how to make them do specific tasks.

AUTOPROGRAM FORMAT

Details the structure and format of AutoPrograms.

SOME AUTOPROGRAM LISTINGS

Provides listings and descriptions of standard AutoPrograms like AutoLog and LightCurve.

USEFUL AUTOPROGRAM COMMANDS

Lists and describes useful commands for controlling AutoPrograms.

AUTOPROGRAMS AND THE CONTROL MANAGER

Explains how AutoPrograms interact with the Control Manager and variable tracking.

LOW LEVEL CONTROL TOOLS

Covers general control functions for hardware components like flow, mixer, coolers, and fans.

Customizing Open

“Cry ‘Havoc’ - and let slip the dogs of war”

An introductory section on customizing OPEN, focusing on the Patch= command.

USING PATCH=

Explains how to add a Patch= command to a configuration file for modifying system variables.

USEFUL VARIABLES

Lists variables useful for modifying A/D behavior and New Measurements settings.

OPEN’s HOOKS

Discusses hooks, which allow users to substitute their own functions for default actions at strategic points.

NEW STYLE COMPUTELIST FILES

Explains the new style ComputeList files and how to generate them from old styles.

USING SPARE CHANNELS

Details how to use spare analog and digital input/output channels for custom applications.

Digital Output

Covers controlling digital output channels using the DIOSET command.

Digital Input

Explains how to use digital input channels for detecting switch closures or counting pulses.

Pulse Counting

Describes the pulse counting channel and how to connect it.

Summary of the Console’s 37 Pin Connector

Lists the pin assignments for the LI-6400 console's 37-pin connector.

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