Name: Texas Instruments TI-89
Brand: Texas Instruments
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[1.21] TI-89 internal photographs

In case you're curious, the photographs in this tip show a disassembled TI-89, hardware version 1.

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Default Chapter3
- Table of Contents3
Contributors9
Revision Record: 9.0 to 10.010
1 0 Miscellaneous Tips12
- [1.1] Discussion Group Etiquette12
- [1.3] Alphabetic List of Reserved Variable Names13
- [1.4] Importing and Exporting PC Data with the TI-89 / TI-92 Plus14
- [1.5] Creating Picture Variables on a PC18
- [1.6] Manual Error for Setmode() Codes for Angle Modes20
- [1.7] Undocumented Error Codes20
- [1.8] Make a Protective Plastic 'Skin' for Your Calculator21
- [1.9] Physical Characteristics of TI-89 and TI-92 Plus21
- [1.10] Patents for TI-89 and TI-9223
- [1.11] "Low Battery" Indication Voltages27
- [1.12] Processor Clock Speed and Battery Voltage27
- [1.13] Developer's Guide Describes Calculator Internal Operation28
- [1.14] Cleaning a Calculator after Spills and Other Accidents28
- [1.15] Permission to Copy TI Guidebooks30
- [1.16] Use Your TI-89/TI-92 Plus as an On-Screen Ruler and Protractor31
- [1.17] Quick Tips39
- [1.18] Myth and Legend from the TI Discussion Groups40
- [1.19] Kraftwerk's Pocket Calculator Song49
- [1.20] TI-92 Plus Internal Photographs51
- [1.21] TI-89 Internal Photographs56
- [1.22] TI Calc-Con '02 Trip Reports60
- Ray Kremer Interview on TI Student Features Page62
2 0 Computer Algebra System (CAS) Tips65
- [2.1] Force Complete Simplification with Repeated Evaluation65
- [2.2] Try Constraints or Solve() in Symbolic Equality Tests65
- [2.3] Use When() for Absolute Values in Integrals66
- [2.4] Use Exact Mode to Ensure Limit() Success67
- [2.5] Try Manual Simplification to Improve Symbolic Integration67
- [2.6] CAS Uses Common Convention for Integral of X^n67
- [2.7] Use When() in Integration in AMS 2.0368
- [2.8] Use Expand() with Respect to Variable for Faster Results68
- [2.9] Find more Symbolic Integrals, Faster, with Real Mode and Constraints68
- [2.10] CAS Square Root Simplification Limitations69
- [2.11] Force Getnum() and Getdenom() to Return Correct Results with Part()70
- [2.12] Testing Equivalence of Symbolic Expressions71
- [2.13] Try Comdenom() to Find Limits72
- [2.14] Define Functions that CAS Can Manipulate72
- [2.15] Use Change of Variable in Limits of When() Functions73
- [2.16] Find Partial Fractions with Expand()73
- [2.17] Use a 'Clean' or Empty Folder for CAS Operations74
- [2.18] Delay Evaluation to Simplify Expressions74
- [2.19] Restrict Function Arguments to Integers75
- [2.20] Factor() with Respect to List Elements76
- [2.21] Differentiation and Integration Fail with Part()76
- [2.22] Methods for some CAS Functions77
- [2.23] Try Comdenom() for Faster Partial Factoring79
- [2.24] Infinity^0 Evaluates to 180
- [2.25] Factor on Complex I to Show Polynomial Complex Coefficients82
- [2.26] Limit() Fails with Piecewise Functions82
3 0 Data Structure Tips83
- [3.1] Using Indirection and Setfold() with Matrix Elements83
- [3.2] Calculate Table Indices Instead of Searching83
- [3.3] Delete Matrix Rows and Columns84
- [3.4] Reverse List Elements84
- [3.5] Unexpected Newmat() Operation in Cylindrical and Spherical Vector Modes84
- [3.6] Convert True/False List to 0'S and 1'S85
- [3.7] Replacement for Fill Instruction in Functions86
- [3.8] Work-Around for Writing to Data Variable Elements86
- [3.9] Replace Matrix Rows and Columns87
- [3.10] Appending Is Faster than Augment() for Adding Elements to Lists; Seq() Is Even Faster88
- [3.11] Store Anything in a Matrix88
- [3.13] Find Matrix Minor and Adjoint89
- [3.14] Randomize List Elements91
- [3.15] Turn Pretty Print off to Display Commas in Lists, Matrices92
- [3.17] Conditional Tests on Lists100
- [3.18] Swap List Elements100
- [3.19] Test a List for Identical Elements101
- [3.20] Find Matrix Minimum and Maximum101
- [3.21] Convert Matrices to Single-Row or Single-Column Vectors102
- [3.22] Create Lists with Logarithmic Element Spacing103
- [3.23] Use Single Bits as Flags to Save Status Information103
- [3.24] Use Equations to Build Lists of Lists and Matrices109
- [3.25] Internal Error with Seq() and Boolean Operators in List Index Calculation110
- [3.26] Find Indices of Specific Elements in Lists and Matrices111
- [3.27] Fast Symbolic Determinants116
- [3.28] Fill a List or Matrix with a Constant117
- [3.29] Convert Data Variables to Matrices117
- [3.30] Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of a Matrix118
- [3.31] Store New List Element at Index Greater than Dimension120
4 0 Graphing and Plotting Tips121
- [4.1] Plot "Vertical" Lines on Graph Screen121
- [4.2] Use Dispg to Force Update to „X and „ y122
- [4.3] Truth Plots122
- [4.4] Plot Data and Functions Simultaneously124
- [4.5] 3D Parametric Line and Surface Plots126
- [4.6] Graphing Piece-Wise Defined Functions with "|" Operator126
- [4.7] Graphing Piece-Wise Defined Function with a Unit Step Function127
- [4.8] Plot Functions that Return Lists127
- [4.9] Faster Plots of Slow Functions128
- [4.10] Faster Plots of Integral Functions129
- [4.11] 3D Data Plots135
- [4.12] Random Scatter Plots of 'Noisy' Functions136
- [4.13] Bode Plots138
- [4.14] Completely Clear Graph Screen142
- [4.15] Delete Statistics Plots from Programs142
5 0 Graphlink Cable and Software Tips143
- [5.1] Unarchive Variables to Fix Graphlink Transmission Errors143
- [5.2] Backing up and Restoring Individual Variables May be Safer that Get Backup143
- [5.3] Do Not Restore a HW1 Backup to a HW2 Calculator143
- [5.4] Try Var-Link to Fix Graphlink Transmission Errors144
- [5.6] Build Your Own Graphlink Cable (Hess's BCC Serial Link)144
- [5.7] Graphlink Switchbox Aids CBR/CBL Programming155
- [5.8] Opening Variables in Graphlink Changes some Characters155
- [5.9] Graphlink Software Sends Either TI-89 or TI-92 Plus Files157
- [5.10] Run Graphlink under Windows XP158
- [5.11] Improve Font Size of Printed Program Source Code158
6 0 Math Tips159
- [6.1] Simulate Poly Function of TI-85/86159
- [6.2] Use Rectangular Complex Mode for Faster Results159
- [6.3] Improving Floating-Point Solutions to Simultaneous Equations160
- [6.5] Round Numbers to Significant Digits163
- [6.6] Linear Regression through a Fixed Point164
- [6.7] Complex Derivatives165
- [6.8] Convert Trigonometric Expressions to Exponential Format166
- [6.9] Convert Floating-Point Numbers to Exact Fractions167
- [6.10] Exact Solutions to Cubic and Quartic Equations167
- [6.11] Rounding Floating Point Numbers172
- [6.12] Find Faster Numerical Solutions for Polynomials172
- [6.13] Find Coefficients of Determination for All Regression Equations175
- [6.14] Use Norm() to Find Root Mean Square (RMS) Statistic for Matrices177
- [6.15] Convert Equations between Rectangular and Polar Coordinates177
- [6.16] Transpose Operator and Dot Product Find Adjoint and Complex Scalar Product178
- [6.17] Use DD.mmssss Format to Convert Angles Faster179
- [6.18] Use Ipart() and Int() Effectively180
- [6.19] Sub-Divide Integration Range to Improve Accuracy180
- [6.20] Generating Random Numbers181
- [6.21] Evaluating Polynomials182
- [6.23] Step-By-Step Programs183
- [6.24] Fast Fibonacci Numbers184
- [6.25] Polar and Rectangular Coordinate Conversions184
- [6.26] Accurate Numerical Derivatives with Nderiv() and Ridder's Method185
- [6.27] Find Bernoulli Numbers and Polynomials197
- [6.28] Bilinear Interpolation202
- [6.29] Dirac's Delta (Impulse) and Heaviside (Step) Functions213
- [6.30] Spherical Coordinate Conventions214
- [6.31] Fast 2Nd-Order Interpolation with Quadreg215
- [6.32] Accurate Approximate Solutions to Quadratic Equations with Large Coefficients218
- Sine and Cosine Integrals219
- [6.34] Error Function for Real Arguments222
- [6.35] Cumulative Normal Distribution and Inverse224
- [6.36] Integration May Return 'Undef' for Identical Integration Limits228
- [6.37] Random Number Generator Algorithm229
- [6.38] Finance Flash Application Function Finds Days between Two Dates229
- [6.39] Convert Equations to a Parameterized Form229
- [6.40] Write Functions with Multiple Input Argument Types230
- [6.41] Integration Error in AMS 2.05231
- [6.42] Stddev() and Variance() Find Sample (Not Population) Statistics233
- [6.43] Dot Product (Scalar Product) for Complex Vectors235
- [6.44] Nest Min() in Max() to Limit an Argument236
- [6.45] Determine if a Point Is Inside a Triangle236
- [6.46] Solve() and Nsolve() Ignore Constraints with Local Variables237
- [6.47] Unsigned Infinity Displays as Undef239
- [6.49] Taylor() Polynomial Function Finds Tangent Line240
- [6.50] the Savage Benchmark241
- [6.51] Review of TI-89 / TI-92 Plus Calculus Tools246
- [6.52] Return Complex Results in Real Mode with 0I248
- [6.53] Implicit Derivatives249
- [6.54] Delete Variables after Using Numeric Solver250
- [6.55] Algorithms for Factor() and Isprime()251
- [6.56] Fourth-Order Splice Joins Two Functions252
- [6.57] Sum Binary "1" Digits in an Integer268
- [6.58] Extract Floating-Point Mantissa and Exponent269
- [6.59] Accelerate Series Convergence270
- [6.60] Faster, more Accurate Exponential Integrals272
- [6.61] Find more Accurate Polynomial Roots274
- [6.62] Try Asymptotic Expansion for Functions of Large Arguments285
- [6.63] Faster Numerical Matrix Inverses288
- [6.64] Calculate through Undef and Get Correct Results289
7 0 TI Basic Programming Tips290
- [7.1] Create Evaluated Y= Editor Equations in Programs290
- [7.2] Using the Built-In Function Documentation in CATALOG290
- [7.3] Using Language Localization291
- [7.4] Return Error Codes as Strings293
- [7.5] Considerations for Referencing External Programs294
- [7.6] Recursion Limits295
- [7.7] Use Return Instead of Stop in Programs for Better Flexibility, and to Avoid a Crash295
- [7.8] Return Program Results to Home Screen297
- [7.9] Passing Optional Parameters to Functions and Programs299
- [7.10] Calling Built-In Applications from Your Programs300
- [7.11] Run TI Basic Programs before Archiving for Better Execution Speed300
- [7.12] Access a Variable from any Folder with "_" (Underscore)301
- [7.13] Write to Program & Function Arguments302
- [7.14] Determine Calculator Model and ROM Version in Programs303
- [7.15] Avoid for305
- Avoid for ... Endfor Loops305
- [7.17] Returning more than One Result from a Function306
- [7.18] Simplest (?) Application Launcher307
- [7.19] Bypass Programs Locked with Ans(1) and 4→Errornum:passerr309
- [7.20] Running Programs Within a Program309
- [7.21] Use Undef as an Argument310
- [7.22] Local Documentation for Functions and Programs310
- [7.23] Passing User Function Names as Program/Function Arguments310
- [7.24] Use a Script for Self-Deleting Set-Up Programs312
- [7.25] Use Scripts to Test Program and Functions313
- [7.26] DIM() Functions Slow down with Lists and Matrices with Large Elements314
- [7.27] Getmode() Returns Strings in Capital Letters314
- [7.28] Use Long Strings with Setmode() in Custom Menus315
- [7.29] Table of Getconfg() List Elements317
- [7.30] Sign() Function Is Not Compatible with Other Programming Languages318
- [7.31] Return Shows Variables During Debugging318
- [7.32] Documenting Programs319
- [7.33] Local Functions Must be Declared as Local Variables322
- [7.34] Use Linefeed Char(10) for Separate Lines in Program Help323
- [7.35] Conditonal Test in if324
- [7.36] Input Arguments for 'Keyboard' Programs324
- Conditonal Test in if ...Endif Evaluates All 'And' Arguments324
- [7.37] Simulate SWITCH or CASE Statement with GOTO and Indirection325
- [7.38] Why Use TI Basic326
- [7.39] Quickly Delete Locked, Archived Variables328
- [7.40] Recall Expression Without Variable Value Substitution329
- [7.41] Indirection Bug with Local Variables330
- [7.42] Find Variable Names Used in Expressions331
- [7.43] Faster Function Calls with List and Matrix Arguments334
- [7.44] Local Subroutines Execute Faster than Global Subroutines341
- [7.45] Display Text in Multiple Fonts and Pretty-Print Expressions342
- [7.46] Custom Command Makes Menu Labels for Trapped Function Keys349
- [7.47] Global Variables Not Evaluated When Local Variable Has the same Name351
- [7.48] Create Functions in Programs351
- [7.49] Read and Write Text Variables352
- [7.50] Modify Loop Control Variables Within the Loop353
8 0 String Variable Tips355
- [8.1] Convert Integers to Strings Without Extra Characters355
- [8.2] String Substitutions355
- [8.3] Creating Strings that Include Quote Characters356
- [8.4] Count Occurrences of a Character in a String356
- [8.5] String() Uses the Current Number Display Format357
- [8.6] Convert Strings to Upper- and Lower-Case357
- [8.7] Replacement for MID() and Right() Functions Use Position Instead of Count358
- [8.8] Relational Operators Compare Strings359
9 0 User Interface Tips360
- [9.1] Use Icons in Toolbars360
- [9.2] User Interface Considerations361
- [9.3] Take Advantage of Ok System Variable in Dialog Boxes363
- [9.5] Default Values for Variables in Request363
- [9.6] Position Cursor with Char364
- [9.7] Creating 'Dynamic' Dialog Boxes365
- [9.8] Dialog Box Limitations368
- [9.9] Display All 14 Significant Digits369
- [9.10] Group Fraction Digits for Easier Reading369
- [9.11] Access All Custom Menus from any Custom Menu371
- [9.12] Use One Request (in a Dialog Box) for more than One Variable372
- [9.13] Disable ALPHA Default in TI-89 AMS 2.05 Dialog Boxes376
- [9.15] [2Nd] [ENTER] Quickly Selects, Copies Entries to Command Line379
- [9.16] Use "Save Copy As" to Display the Current Variable Name in Editors379
- [9.17] Speed up the Keyboard380
- [9.18] Use Multiple Commands on Entry Line with381
- [9.19] Use a more Efficient RPN Interface382
- [9.20] Use a Graphical Equation Editor (Equation Writer)383
- [9.21] Programs for Simple Equation Libraries384
- [9.22] Minimize TI-89 Alpha Entry Inefficiencies388
10 0 Units Conversion Tips390
- [10.1] Units Calculations Are Approximate in Auto Mode390
- [10.2] Convert Compound Units to Equivalent Units390
- [10.3] Remove Units from Numbers391
- [10.4] Add Units to Undefined Variables391
- [10.5] Use Tmpcnv() to Display Temperature Conversion Equations391
- [10.6] Add Units to Built-In Units Menu392
11 0 Solving Tips394
- [11.1] Try Nsolve() if Solve() and Csolve() Fail394
- [11.2] Zeros() Ignores Constraint for Complex Solutions394
- [11.3] Try Czeros() and Csolve() to Find Real Solutions394
- [11.4] Using Solve() with Multiple Equations and Solutions in Programs395
- [11.5] Using Bounds and Estimates with Nsolve()397
- [11.6] Use Solve() as Multiple-Equation Solver399
- [11.7] Saving Multiple Answers with Solve() in Program400
- [11.8] Try Solve() for Symbolic System Solutions401
- [11.9] Nsolve() May Return "Questionable Accuracy" Warning Even with Good Solutions401
- [11.10] Solve() May Return False Solutions for Trigonometric Expressions403
- [11.11] Exp ▶ List() Fails with Solve() in User Functions404
- [11.12] Nsolve() May Ignore Solution Constraints404
12 0 C Programming Tips407
- [12.1] Advantages of TIGCC over TI SDK407
- TI Basic Extension App Template408
Appendix A: Anti-Tips411
Appendix B: more Resources412
- B.1] Faqs412
- [B.2] TI Documentation440
- [B.3] Web Sites441
- B.4] Bibliography444
Appendix C: Glossary455
Appendix D: Command Quick Reference Guide472
Appendix E: Tip List Programs and Functions504

Display size (HxV)	100 x 160 mm
Memory type	639K FLASH ROM, 188K bytes RAM
Compatible operating systems	Operating System 2.09
Battery type	AAA

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