5
5.1
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.1.4
5.1.5
5.1.6
5.1.7
5.2
5.2.1
5.2.2
5.2.3
5.3
5.3.1
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4
5.3.5
5.4
5.4.1
5.4.2
5.4.3
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.7.1
5.7.2
5.7.3
5.7.4
5.7.5
5.8
5.8.1
5.8.2
Runtime
Environment
Memory Model
....
.
Sections
......
.
Stack Management .
Dynamic Memory Allocation
RAM and ROM Models . . .
..
.
....
Allocating Memory for Static and Global Variables
Packing Structures and Manipulating Fields
Array Alignment . .
Register Conventions
...........
.
Dedicated Registers
..........
.
Using Registers
............
.
Register Variables
...........
.
Function Structure and Calling Conventions
Responsibilities
of
a Calling Function .
Responsibilities
of
a Called Function
..
Setting up the Local
Frame
......
.
Accessing Arguments and Local Variables
Returning Structures from Functions
Interfacing C
with
Assembly Language
Assembly Language Modules
Inline Assembly Language
Modifying Compiler Output
Interrupt Handling
Integer Expression Analysis .
Floating-Point Support
....
Floating-Point Formats
..
Double':' Precision Functions
Single-Precision Functions
Conversion Functions
Floating -Point Errors
System Initialization
Initializing the Stack
.......
.
Autoinitialization
of
Variables and Constants
6
Runtime-Support
Functions
6.1
Header Files
.................
.
6.1.1 Diagnostic Messages (assert.h)
....
.
6.1.2 Character Typing and Conversion (ctype.h)
6.1.3 Limits (float.h and limits.h)
.....
.
6.1.4 Floating-Point Math (math.h, errno.h)
6.1.5 Nonlocal Jumps (setjmp.h)
6.1.6 Variable Arguments (stdarg.h)
6.1.7 Standard Definitions (stddef.h)
6.1.8 General Utilities (stdlib.h)
6.1.9 String Functions (string.h)
6.1.10 Time Functions (time. h) .
........
.
6.2 Summary
of
Runtime-Support Functions and Macros
6.3 Functions Reference
................
.
A
B
iv
Error
Messages
C
Preprocessor
Directives
5-1
5-2
5-2
5-3
5-4
5-4
5-5
5-5
5-5
5-6
5-6
5-6
5-7
5-8
5-8
5-9
5-10
5-10
5-11
5-12
5-12
5-15
5-15
5-16
5-17
5-17
5-17
5-19
5-20
5-21
5-21
5-22
5-22
5-23
6-1
6-2
6-2
6-3
6-3
6-5
6-5
6-6
6-6
6-6
6-7
6-8
6-9
6-14
A-1
B-1