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Atmel ATmega48A User Manual
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402
8271D–AVR–05/11
ATmega48A/PA/88A/PA/168A/PA/328/P
Figure 30-131.
ATmega88A: Calibrated 8MHz RC
Oscillator Frequency vs. V
CC
Figure 30-132.
ATmega88A: Calibrated 8MHz RC O
scillator Frequency
vs. Temperature
8
5 °C
25 °C
-40 °C
7.6
7.7
7.
8
7.9
8
8
.1
8
.2
8
.3
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
V
CC
(
V
)
F
RC
(MHz)
5.5
V
4.0
V
3.0
V
7.
8
7.9
8
8
.1
8
.2
8
.3
-40
-20
0
20
40
60
8
0
100
Temperat
u
re (°C)
F
RC
(MHz)
401
403
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
174
Features
1
Pin Configurations
2
Pin Descriptions
3
Overview
5
Block Diagram
5
Comparison between Processors
6
Resources
8
Data Retention
8
About Code Examples
8
Capacitive Touch Sensing
8
AVR CPU Core
9
Overview
9
ALU - Arithmetic Logic Unit
10
Status Register
10
General Purpose Register File
12
Stack Pointer
13
Instruction Execution Timing
14
Reset and Interrupt Handling
15
AVR Memories
17
Overview
17
In-System Reprogrammable Flash Program Memory
17
SRAM Data Memory
19
EEPROM Data Memory
20
I/O Memory
21
Register Description
22
System Clock and Clock Options
27
Clock Systems and Their Distribution
27
Clock Sources
28
Low Power Crystal Oscillator
29
Full Swing Crystal Oscillator
31
Low Frequency Crystal Oscillator
33
Calibrated Internal RC Oscillator
34
8Khz Internal Oscillator
35
External Clock
35
Clock Output Buffer
36
Timer/Counter Oscillator
36
System Clock Prescaler
36
Register Description
38
Power Management and Sleep Modes
40
Sleep Modes
40
BOD Disable
41
Idle Mode
41
ADC Noise Reduction Mode
41
Power-Down Mode
42
Power-Save Mode
42
Standby Mode
42
Extended Standby Mode
43
Power Reduction Register
43
Minimizing Power Consumption
43
Register Description
45
System Control and Reset
48
Resetting the AVR
48
Reset Sources
48
Power-On Reset
49
External Reset
50
Brown-Out Detection
50
Watchdog System Reset
51
Internal Voltage Reference
51
Watchdog Timer
52
Register Description
56
Interrupts
59
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega48A and Atmega48Pa
59
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega88A and Atmega88Pa
61
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega168A and Atmega168Pa
64
Interrupt Vectors in Atmega328 and Atmega328P
67
Register Description
70
External Interrupts
72
Pin Change Interrupt Timing
72
Register Description
73
O-Ports
77
Overview
77
Ports as General Digital I/O
78
Alternate Port Functions
82
Register Description
94
15 8-Bit Timer/Counter0 with PWM
96
Features
96
Overview
96
Timer/Counter Clock Sources
98
Counter Unit
98
Output Compare Unit
99
Compare Match Output Unit
100
Modes of Operation
101
Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams
106
Register Description
108
16-Bit Timer/Counter1 with PWM
115
Features
115
Overview
115
Accessing 16-Bit Registers
117
Timer/Counter Clock Sources
120
Counter Unit
121
Input Capture Unit
122
Output Compare Units
124
Compare Match Output Unit
126
Modes of Operation
127
Timer/Counter Timing Diagrams
134
Register Description
136
Timer/Counter0 and Timer/Counter1 Prescalers
143
Internal Clock Source
143
Prescaler Reset
143
External Clock Source
143
Register Description
145
Mode
173
Table of Contents
174
Mode
175
Mode
176
Change
182
Sck (Cpol
326
Table of Contents
559
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Atmel ATmega48A Specifications
General
Brand
Atmel
Model
ATmega48A
Category
Microcontrollers
Language
English
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