Operation Section
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9. END OF VOLUME MATERIALS
9.1 Particulate Matter (PM)
z At high concentration levels, this substance is known to affect the respiratory system. It consists of soluble organic mat-
ter such as unburned oil, unburned diesel fuel, and other "soluble organic matter" in the exhaust gases, and insoluble
organic matter such as soot (black smoke) and sulfuric acid gas.
9.2 Common Rail Type Fuel Injection System Development History And
The World’s Manufacturers
z The conventional injection pump faced certain issues such as injection pressure that depended on engine speed, and
limits on the maximum fuel pressure. Other types of injection control such as pilot injection also faced some difficulties.
Addressing these issues in a revolutionary manner, DENSO led the world by introducing a commercial application of
the common rail fuel injection system.
z Two types of common rail fuel injection systems are in use today. One is the common rail system that pressurizes the
fuel and injects it directly into the cylinders. DENSO was the first in the world to introduce a commercial application of
this system. This system, which is undergoing further development, has been adopted in passenger car applications.
Other companies, such as R. Bosch, Siemens, and Delphi also offer their commercial versions of this system today. The
other system is the Hydraulic Electric Unit Injection (HEUI) system, which was developed by Caterpillar in the United
States. This system uses pressurized engine oil to pressurize the fuel by actuating the piston of the nozzle (injector)
through which the pressurized fuel is injected.
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