8516.3.8.1 Credits ...............................................................................................
8616.3.8.2 Introduction .......................................................................................
8616.3.8.3 Background information ...................................................................
8716.3.8.4 Quantitative appraisal of thermal anomalies ....................................
9016.3.8.5 Conditions and equipment ...............................................................
9116.3.8.6 Survey and analysis ..........................................................................
9216.3.8.7 Reporting ...........................................................................................
9416.4 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................
9416.4.1 Copyright notice ...................................................................................................
9416.4.2 Training & certification ..........................................................................................
9416.4.3 National or regional building codes .....................................................................
9517 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................
9517.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................
9517.2 General information ..............................................................................................................
9517.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................
9617.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................
9717.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................
9717.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................
9817.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................
9817.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................
9917.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................
10017.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............
10017.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................
10017.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................
10217.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................
10317.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................
10417.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................
10617.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................
10817.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................
10817.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................
10817.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................
10917.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................
10917.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................
11017.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................
11117.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................
11117.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................
11317.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................
11317.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................
11317.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................
11417.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................
11517.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................
11717.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................
11717.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................
11717.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................
11717.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
11817.7.4 Reflected apparent temperature ...........................................................................
11817.7.5 Object too far away ...............................................................................................
11918 About FLIR Systems .......................................................................................................................
12018.1 More than just an infrared camera .......................................................................................
12018.2 Sharing our knowledge ........................................................................................................
12018.3 Supporting our customers ...................................................................................................
12118.4 A few images from our facilities ...........................................................................................
Publ. No. T559382 Rev. a358 – ENGLISH (EN) – June 23, 2009 ix