Engine Operation—CAT,
Cummins, DDE S60, M-B
Operating vehicles with diesel engines in areas
where there are concentrated flammable vapors
(such as diesel, gasoline, or propane fumes) can cre-
ate a hazardous situation. These vapors can be
drawn into the engine through the air intake, and
cause engine overspeed. Be especially cautious of
low-lying or closed-in areas, and always check for
signs that flammable vapors may be present.
DANGER
Do not operate the engine in an area where flam-
mable vapors such as gasoline or diesel fumes
are present. Shut down the engine when in an
area where flammable liquids or gases are being
handled. Failure to observe these precautions
could result in serious injury or death.
All diesel engines have been built to comply with the
requirements of the Federal (U.S.) Clean Air Act.
Once the engine is placed in service, the responsibil-
ity for meeting both state and local regulations is with
the owner/operator. Good operating practices, regular
maintenance, and proper adjustments are factors
which will help to stay within the regulations.
Adequate maintenance of the engine, which is the
responsibility of the owner/operator, is essential to
keep the emission levels low.
The driver should be familiar with the vehicle warning
system in order to bring the vehicle to a safe stop if
the engine malfunctions. If the driver doesn’t under-
stand how the warning system works, an engine
shutdown could occur, causing a safety hazard. See
Chapter 2 for information on the control panels for
the various engines.
Caterpillar
Proper operation and maintenance are key factors in
obtaining the maximum life and economy of a vehicle
engine. Follow the directions in this manual and the
Caterpillar
Operation and Maintenance Manual
for
trouble-free, economical engine operation.
Caterpillar C–10, C–12, C–15, C–16, and 3406E
electronic engines can be equipped with a variety of
options designed to warn the driver of engine mal-
functions. The driver of a vehicle equipped with these
engines should know the extent of the warning sys-
tem in order to bring the vehicle to a safe stop if the
engine malfunctions. If the driver doesn’t understand
how the warning system works, an engine shutdown
could cause a safety hazard. See Chapter 2 for in-
formation on the control panel for these engines.
The electronic control system can monitor engine oil
pressure, coolant temperature, intake manifold air
temperature, and coolant level. There are four cus-
tomer programmable levels for Caterpillar engine
monitoring: off, warning (factory default), derate, and
shutdown.
In the engine monitoring off mode, the ECM (engine
control module) will ignore the oil pressure sensor
and coolant level sensor (if installed). Engine moni-
toring warning mode uses oil pressure, coolant tem-
perature, intake manifold temperature, and the cool-
ant level sensor (if installed and enabled). The
CHECK ENGINE indicator will flash and the warning
signal will come on when the diagnostic code is ac-
tive. Engine monitoring derate and shutdown modes
allow the ECM to alter engine performance or stop
the engine to help the engine avoid damage and re-
turn to normal conditions.
1.
Operate the engine at low load. After normal oil
pressure is reached and the temperature gauge
begins to move, the engine may be operated at
full load.
2.
Keep engine speed to a minimum. An acceptable
range is 1200 to 1600 rpm.
3.
Select a gear that allows a smooth, easy start
without increasing engine speed above low idle
or slipping the clutch. Engage the clutch
smoothly. Jerky starts waste fuel and put stress
on the drivetrain.
It is not necessary to accelerate Caterpillar elec-
tronic engines to governed speed in the lower
gears to get the vehicle moving, except in a high
power demand situation such as starting on a
grade.
4.
Continue to upshift until cruising speed is
reached. Use only the rpm needed to make an
upshift into the next gear. The engine speed
needed to make an upshift increases as the ve-
hicle speed increases or if upshifts are made on
uphill grades. If the vehicle can be operated in a
higher gear after reaching the desired speed,
select the highest gear available that will pull the
load. Experience with your vehicle will show you
Engines and Clutches
7.11
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