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Calculator Tip
The normal order for the arguments in the UTPN function is
UTPN(mean,variance,value), giving the upper-tailed
probability. However, many textbooks work with the lower-
tailed probability instead. Fortunately the function can
easily be adapted for this.
If you instead enter the function’s parameters as
UTPN(value,variance,mean), reversing the normal
positions of value and mean, then the probability given will
be the lower-tailed value. The reason for this lies in the
symmetry properties of the normal curve.
UTPC(degrees,value)
This is the Upper-Tailed Chi-Squared probability function. It returns the
probability that a
2
distribution with the supplied number of degrees of
freedom is greater than the value supplied. See pages 150 & 299 for an
example of this function’s use.
UTPF(numerator,denominator,value)
This is the Upper-Tailed Snedecor’s F probability function. It returns the
probability that a Snedecor’s F distribution with numerator degrees of
freedom (and denominator degrees of freedom in the F distribution) is greater
than the supplied value.
UTPT(degrees,value)
This is the Upper-Tailed Student’s t probability function. It returns the
probability that a Student’s t distribution with the supplied number of degrees
of freedom is greater than the supplied value.
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