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Interpretation: Proteinuria requires proof of persistence and localization to prerenal, renal, or postrenal
origins. Prove persistence of proteinuria by repeating the UPC ratio at least three times, a minimum of 2
weeks apart.
• Prerenal proteinuria is possible when a CBC and a biochemical profile detect hemolysis,
hyperglobulinemia or evidence of muscle damage. Recommend investigation and
management for the underlying cause.
• Postrenal proteinuria is caused by urogenital tract diseases, hematuria, or pyuria. Repeat the
test with a cystocentesis sample or evaluate urine sediment for hemorrhage or inflammation.
Consider a urine culture. Recommend investigation and management for the underlying cause.
• Renal proteinuria: evaluate in the face of azotemia.
Nonazotemic, persistent, renal proteinuria (dogs and cats):
UPC <0.5 = within reference range
UPC 0.5–1.0 = questionable, repeat at appropriate range
UPC 1.0–2.0 = excessive proteinuria; recommend investigation for underlying systemic
diseases
UPC 2.0 = excessive proteinuria; recommend investigation for underlying systemic diseases
and medical management
Azotemic, persistent, renal proteinuria (dogs):
UPC <0.5 = warrant monitoring and investigation
UPC ≥0.5 = excessive proteinuria; recommend investigation for underlying systemic diseases
and medical management
Azotemic, persistent, renal proteinuria (cats):
UPC <0.4 = warrant monitoring and investigation
UPC ≥0.4 = excessive proteinuria; recommend investigation for underlying systemic diseases
and medical management
Appendices
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