16 | Meet Mavis
APPLYING MODULATION
In the previous exercises, manually changing 
the settings of the PULSE WIDTH knob 
and the CUTOFF knob noticeably aected 
the sound. In a voltage-controlled analog 
synthesizer such as Mavis, we can apply 
a modulation source (Control Voltage) to 
automatically change the value of these 
parameters. Mavis contains two hardwired 
modulation sources. The first is an LFO 
(Low Frequency Oscillator) that provides a 
repeating, cyclic change based on the current 
settings of the LFO RATE and LFO WAVE 
parameters. The second is the EG (Envelope 
Generator) that creates a single, continuously 
changing control signal based on the current 
settings of the ATTACK, DECAY, SUSTAIN, 
and RELEASE knobs. This EG control signal 
begins anew each time a key is pressed.
Rotating the VCO MOD MIX knob selects 
the EG, the LFO, or some mix of these two 
modulation sources. The PITCH MOD AMT 
knob determines how much of this combined 
modulation source is being applied to the 
pitch of the VCO. The PWM AMT knob 
determines how much of this combined 
modulation source is being applied to the 
Pulse Width of the VCO wave shape. Go 
ahead and try rotating these three knobs and 
hear how it aects the sound.
Similar controls are available to automatically 
modulate the Cuto frequency of the VCF. 
Rotating the VCF MOD MIX knob selects 
the EG, the LFO, or some mix of these two 
modulation sources. The VCF MOD AMT 
knob determines how much of this combined 
modulation source is being applied to the 
Cuto frequency of the VCF. Again, go ahead 
and rotate these two knobs to hear how it will 
aect the sound.