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Siemens Application Guide «Fire Mode» CM1A5192en_01
Building Technologies Introduction 23.10.2007
3 Introduction
3.1 Smoke and heat extraction in the building
”There is no smoke without a fire”. This old proverb can still be applied to our time
– and the order of the 2 risk factors ”smoke and fire” is correct too. A number of
fires in recent times have demonstrated that, very often, smoke poses a greater
threat to people than the fire itself. This shall be in indication of the importance of
smoke when discussing the safety of people in the case a building fire has broken
out.
On the one hand, strong smoke limits visibility or produces toxic gases, which
make breathing much more difficult so that escape routes can no longer be used
without wearing appropriate clothing. On the other hand, the accumulation of gases
produced by the fire will lead to enormous heat concentrations near the source of
the fire so that flashover to other spaces or plant can occur.
The necessity of smoke and heat extraction is uncontested. In general, however,
contractors must first be persuaded to include this requirement in their planning
work and to approve the investment since this feature does not constitute part of a
HVAC plant’s comfort requirements, but is ”only“ considered as a ”preventive
measure”.
Present national fire protection guidelines and standards, which sometimes even
give consideration to regional needs, partly define the requirements placed on
smoke and heat extraction in buildings. Proven applications come primarily from
Australia (S/NZ 1668.1-1998) and the U.S. (ASHRAE publication, Design of Smoke
Management). For European countries, EN 12101 lays down the requirements for
smoke and heat extraction components and the methods applied to differential
pressure systems (overpressure plants) in buildings.
3.2 Guidelines and standards for smoke and
heat extraction
USA NFPA 92A, NFPA 92B, ASHARE Guideline 5
Design of Smoke Management System
Europe EN 12101 Part1-6
Smoke and heat control systems
Germany VDMA 24200-1
Automatisierte Brandschutz- und Entrauchungssysteme ABE
Australia,
New Zealand
AS/NZS 1668.1:1998
The use of ventilation and airconditioning in buildings - Fire and
smoke control in multi-compartment buildings
Switzerland prSWKI BT101 Teil 1-6
Rauch- und Wärmefreihaltung
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