APPENDIX B.
CHAPTER CHECKPOINT
ANSWERS
CHAPTER 2
1. Unless
the disk has been
formatted, there is no way
to locate
any given
area on the disk.
2. The
disk directory is
an index of the names, loca-
tions, and types of all the
files on the disk.
3. A disk
file is an individual
block of information
stored on the
disk, under a filename.
4.
Information stored in memory
will only
be
there
temporarily.
It will be
destroyed if the Computer is
turned
OFF or if you execute a
NEW, LOAD, DIS-
KINI,
BACKUP, or
COPY command. (We'll discuss
BACKUP and
COPY in the next chapters).
Infor-
mation
stored on disk
will
be
there permanently. It
won't
be
destroyed
if the Computer's turned off or if
memory is
cleared. (Don't leave a disk in the
drive
when
you
turn the
Computer off. We'll explain why
in the next
chapter.)
5.
The only way to
change the contents of a disk file
is
by
storing
different information under the same
filename.
CHAPTER 3
1. Turning the
Computer ON or OFF while the disk is
in its
drive may damage
the disk.
2. Only felt tip
pens may be used to write on the
disk's
label. Hard point pens
and pencils may damage the
disk
and garble the information
on it.
3.
Error messages
tell you that something is
wrong
with either
the program
you
are running or the last
command that you used.
4.
"Write-protecting"
is
a way
of protecting your disks
from
alteration. It is done
by
putting
a
gummed label
over the
write-protect notch. You can read from a
"write-protected"
disk, but you can't write to
it.
5. On a one-drive
system, insert the source disk into the
drive
and
type
BACKUP0 (ENTER) . The
Computer will
ask you to
insert the destination disk and press
(ENTER)
. This procedure is repeated until the Com-
puter
prints OK. On
a
multi-drive system, type the
BACKUP command specifying the drive
number
with the
source disk and the destination
disk. For
example, BACKUP TO 1 backs up
the source disk
(in
Drive
0)
to
the destination disk (in Drive
1).
CHAPTER 4
1. A file can be renamed
with the RENAME command.
For example,
RENAME "OLDFILE/NAM" TO
"NEWFILE/NAM" renames
OLDFILE/NAM
to
NEWFILE/NAM. You must specify the
extension for
both filenames so
the Computer can find them.
2. You can find
out
how much space you have
remain-
ing on the disk
by
typing
PRINT FREE ( ) (ENTER) . This
will tell
you
the number of granules
left on the disk
in Drive 0. If you are running out
of granules, you
might want
to
KILL a few files or
switch
to
another
disk.
3.
Unless otherwise specified, the
Computer always
uses
Drive 0. This can be changed by
typing DRIVE
1,
which enables
you
to access Drive
1 without hav-
ing to specify the
number in your command,
(i.e.,
now DIR and DIR1
would both get you the
directory
of the disk in Drive 1.
CHAPTER 5
1. Buffer #1 is
a
temporary storage
area for informa-
tion going between the
disk and memory.
2. A disk file must be
OPENed before any
information
can go
between the disk and memory.
3.
A disk must be CLOSEd so
that the information
still
in the buffer
will end
up
where it's supposed
to and
so
that the file
can
be
reopened. All files
must
be
closed before you
switch disks.
4. A file OPENed for
input allows
information to
go
from the disk file into the
memory of the
Computer.
A file OPENed for output
allows
information
to
go
from memory to
the disk file.
CHAPTER
6
1.
When
you
OPEN a
"sequential access"
file, you can
only OPEN it for "I" or
"O"—not both. You
can't out-
put to a
file opened
for "I," nor can you input
from a
file opened for
"O."
2. No.
The file must first be
closed and
then reopened
for input.
66
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