Surveying with the Receiver
P/N 7010-0626 www.topconpositioning.com
3-9
Surveying with the Receiver
The receiver can be used to perform static, kinematic, or real-time
kinematic (RTK) surveying.
Static Survey
Static surveying is the classic survey method, well suited for all
kinds of baselines (short, medium, long). At least two receiver
antennas, plumbed over the survey marks, simultaneously
collect raw data at each end of a baseline during a certain
period of time. These two receivers track four or more common
satellites, have the same data logging rate (5–30 seconds), and
the same elevation mask angles. The length of the observation
sessions can vary from a few minutes to several hours. The
optimal observation session length depends on the surveyor’s
experience as well as the following factors:
• The length of the baseline measured
• The number of satellites in view
• The satellite geometry (DOP)
• The antenna’s location
• The ionospheric activity level
• The types of receivers used
• The accuracy requirements
• The necessity of resolving carrier phase ambiguities
Generally, single-frequency receivers are used for baselines
whose lengths do not exceed 15 kilometers (9.32 miles). For
baselines 15 kilometers or greater, use dual-frequency
receivers.
Dual-frequency receivers have two major benefits. First, dual-
frequency receivers can estimate and remove almost all
ionospheric effect from the code and carrier phase
measurements, providing much greater accuracy than single-
To Next Page
