LANDING.
Normal landings are made power off with any flap setting. Approach
glides are normally made at 65 to 75 MPH with flaps up, or 60 to 70 MPH
with flaps down, depending upon the turbulence of the air.
SHORT FIELD LANDINGS.
For a short field landing, make a power off approach at 58 MPH with
flaps 40° and land on the main wheels first. Immediately after touchdown,
lower the nose gear to the ground and apply heavy braking as required.
Raising the flaps after landing will provide more efficient braking.
CROSSWIND LANDINGS.
When landing in a strong crosswind, use the minimum flap setting
required for the field length. Use a wing low, crab, or a combination
method of drift correction and land in a nearly level attitude.
Excessive nose strut inflation can hinder nose wheel alignment with
the airplane ground track in a drifting crosswind landing at touchdown
and during ground roll. This can be counteracted by firmly lowering the
nose wheel to the ground after initial contact. This action partially com-
presses the nose strut, permitting nose wheel swiveling and positive
ground steering.
COLD WEATHER OPERATION.
Prior to starting on cold mornings, it is advisable to pull the pro-
peller through several times by hand to "break loose'
1
or "limber" the
oil, thus conserving battery energy. In extremely cold (0°F and lower)
weather the use of an external preheater is recommended whenever
possible to reduce wear and abuse to the engine and the electrical system.
Cold weather starting procedures are as follows:
With Preheat:
(1) Clear propeller.
(2) Pull master switch "ON. "
(3) With ignition switch "OFF" and throttle closed, prime the
engine four to ten strokes as the propeller is being turned over
by hand.
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