EM 6400 User Manual v03.02. – d12
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5.2.Consumption & Poor PF
CONSUMPTION: Wh = W x T, where W = instantaneous power T = time in hours
The total electric energy usage over a time period is the consumption of Wh.
Typically, the unit in which consumption is specified is the kilowatt-hour (kWh): one
thousand watts consumed over one hour. Utilities use the Wh equation to determine the
overall consumption in a billing period.
POOR POWER FACTOR: Results in reactive power consumption. Transferring reactive
power over a distribution network causes energy loss. To force consumers to correct their
Power Factor, utilities monitor reactive power consumption and penalize the user for Poor
Power Factor
.
5.3.“3D” kVA Measurement
The EM 6400 is equipped with 3D Measurement of kVA. This advanced method provides the
most accurate and predictable measurement under unbalanced as well as distorted waveform
conditions.
However, in case the EM 6400 needs to match the reading of older or simpler meters, which
use the Arithmetic kVA definition, this too is available as a Setup option.
Table 4.1: VA Function Setup Options
kVA
Function
Formula
Other
Names
Which one?
3D
Factory
setting
∑∑ ∑
++=
222
3
DVARWkVA
D
where D = Distortion Power per
IEEE 100
U, Apparent,
Vector kVA
Best, all around
Arth
321Arth kVAkVAkVAkVA ++=
Arithmetic,
Scalar kVA
Good under Low
unbalance, to match
simpler meters without
3D capability
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