9712.3.4.1 Pressure conditions in a building .....................................................
10312.3.5 Measuring conditions & measuring season .........................................................
10312.3.6 Interpretation of infrared images ..........................................................................
10512.3.7 Humidity & dew point ...........................................................................................
10512.3.7.1 Relative & absolute humidity ............................................................
10612.3.7.2 Definition of dew point ......................................................................
10612.3.8 Assessing thermal bridging and insulation continuity .........................................
10612.3.8.1 Credits ...............................................................................................
10712.3.8.2 Introduction .......................................................................................
10712.3.8.3 Background information ...................................................................
10812.3.8.4 Quantitative appraisal of thermal anomalies ....................................
11212.3.8.5 Conditions and equipment ...............................................................
11312.3.8.6 Survey and analysis ..........................................................................
11412.3.8.7 Reporting ...........................................................................................
11612.4 Disclaimer .............................................................................................................................
11612.4.1 Copyright notice ...................................................................................................
11612.4.2 Training & certification ..........................................................................................
11612.4.3 National or regional building codes .....................................................................
11713 Introduction to thermographic inspections of electrical installations ......................................
11713.1 Important note ......................................................................................................................
11713.2 General information ..............................................................................................................
11713.2.1 Introduction ...........................................................................................................
11813.2.2 General equipment data .......................................................................................
11913.2.3 Inspection .............................................................................................................
11913.2.4 Classification & reporting ......................................................................................
12013.2.5 Priority ...................................................................................................................
12013.2.6 Repair ....................................................................................................................
12113.2.7 Control ..................................................................................................................
12213.3 Measurement technique for thermographic inspection of electrical installations ...............
12213.3.1 How to correctly set the equipment .....................................................................
12213.3.2 Temperature measurement ...................................................................................
12413.3.3 Comparative measurement ..................................................................................
12513.3.4 Normal operating temperature .............................................................................
12613.3.5 Classification of faults ...........................................................................................
12813.4 Reporting ..............................................................................................................................
13013.5 Different types of hot spots in electrical installations ...........................................................
13013.5.1 Reflections ............................................................................................................
13013.5.2 Solar heating .........................................................................................................
13113.5.3 Inductive heating ...................................................................................................
13113.5.4 Load variations ......................................................................................................
13213.5.5 Varying cooling conditions ...................................................................................
13313.5.6 Resistance variations ............................................................................................
13313.5.7 Overheating in one part as a result of a fault in another ......................................
13513.6 Disturbance factors at thermographic inspection of electrical installations ........................
13513.6.1 Wind ......................................................................................................................
13513.6.2 Rain and snow ......................................................................................................
13613.6.3 Distance to object .................................................................................................
13713.6.4 Object size ............................................................................................................
13913.7 Practical advice for the thermographer ................................................................................
13913.7.1 From cold to hot ...................................................................................................
13913.7.2 Rain showers ........................................................................................................
13913.7.3 Emissivity ..............................................................................................................
Publ. No. 1558299 Rev. a200 – ENGLISH (EN) – February 12, 2007 xiii