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HP HP-16C

HP HP-16C
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HEWLETT-PACKARD
HP-16C
Computer
Scientist
OWNER’S
HANDBOOK
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Table of Contents

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HP HP-16C Specifications

General IconGeneral
Memory203 Bytes
CategoryDesktop
ModelHP-16C
Power SourceBattery
Year Introduced1982

Summary

NOTICE

Introduction

Power On and Off

How to turn the HP-16C calculator on and off.

Keyboard Operation

Explains the fundamental way to use the HP-16C keys.

Primary and Alternate Functions

Describes how to access the main and shifted key functions.

The HP-16 C: A Quick Look

Keyboard Operation

Explains the fundamental way to use the HP-16C keys.

Integer Calculations

Demonstrates how to perform integer arithmetic in various number bases.

Floating-Point Calculations

Explains how to perform floating-point decimal arithmetic.

Programmed Solutions

Introduces the concept of keystroke programming on the HP-16C.

Part I: HP-16 C Fundamentals

Section 1: Getting Started

Provides orientation to general use, digit entry, RPN, and memory.

Section 2: The Automatic Memory Stack

The Memory Stack and Stack Manipulation

Explains RPN, the memory stack, and how results are retained.

Stack Manipulation Functions

Details functions that rearrange numbers within the calculator's stack.

The LAST X Register

Describes the function and use of the LAST X memory register.

Numeric Functions and the Stack

Explains how numeric operations affect stack movement and digit entry.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

Integer Mode

Explains operation within Integer mode and number base selection.

Number Base Modes

Details the four number base modes: Hex, Dec, Oct, and Binary.

Complement Modes and Unsigned Mode

Explains 1's Complement, 2's Complement, and Unsigned number representations.

Word Size

Describes how to specify and change the word size for data units.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

Windows

Explains how the display acts as a window to view parts of numbers.

Scrolling

Details how to move digits within the display window.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

The Display and Internal Representation

Illustrates how functions alter the display relative to internal binary data.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

Flags

Explains the function and use of user and system flags.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

Machine Status ([STATUS])

Shows how to view current complement mode, word size, and flags.

Section 3: Number and Display Control

Special Displays

Describes annunciators, error display, and low-power indication.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Carry and Out-of-Range Conditions

Explains conditions that set flags and display annunciators during operations.

Flag 4: Carry (C)

Details the function of flag 4 (carry) and its associated annunciator.

Flag 5: Out-of-Range (G)

Details the function of flag 5 (out-of-range) and its associated annunciator.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Arithmetic Functions

Covers addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Remainder After Division and [RMD]

Explains how to get the remainder of a division and its effect on flags.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Square Root

Describes the square root function and its effect on flags.

Negative Numbers and Complementing

Explains how to change signs and the effect of complement modes.

Logical Operations

Covers NOT, OR, AND, and EXCLUSIVE OR bitwise operations.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

EXCLUSIVE OR

Details the EXCLUSIVE OR logical operation.

Shifting and Rotating Bits

Explains how bits are moved left/right and rotated.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Left-Justify

Describes the left-justify operation for bit patterns.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Arithmetic Shift Right

Details the arithmetic shift right operation, preserving the sign bit.

Rotating Bits

Explains the general types of bit rotation functions.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Setting, Clearing, and Testing Bits

Describes functions to set, clear, or test individual bits within a word.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Masking

Explains how to create masks of 1 bits for bitwise operations.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Bit Summation

Details how to sum the bits in a register.

Double Functions

Introduces functions for double-word calculations like multiply, divide, remainder.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Double Multiply

Explains the double multiply function for extended precision.

Section 4: Arithmetic and Bit Manipulation Functions

Double Remainder

Explains the double remainder function for extended precision.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Converting to Floating-Point Decimal Mode

Explains how to switch the calculator to Floating-Point Decimal mode.

Conversion in the Stack

Describes how values are converted in the stack when changing modes.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Other Effects of Converting to Floating Point Mode

Details how switching to Floating Point mode affects word size and the stack.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Digit Entry and Other Display Formats

Covers changing signs, scientific notation, and exponents.

Mantissa Display

Explains how to view the full 10-digit mantissa of a number.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Overflow and Underflow

Describes what happens when results exceed or fall below representable ranges.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Returning to Integer Mode

Explains how to exit Floating Point mode and return to Integer mode.

Section 5: Floating-Point Numbers

Floating-Point Arithmetic

Lists arithmetic functions that operate in Floating-Point Decimal mode.

Functions Not Active in Floating Point Mode

Lists functions that are inactive during Floating-Point Decimal mode.

Digit Separators

Explains how to change the radix mark and digit grouping settings.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Memory Allocation

Explains how total memory is shared between program and data storage.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Converting Storage Registers to Program Memory

Details how data storage is converted into program memory.

Storage Register Size

Explains how word size affects the size of storage registers.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Viewing the Status of Memory Allocation ([MEM])

Shows how to check current memory allocation status.

Storage Register Operations

Covers operations for storing and recalling data in registers.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Storing and Recalling Numbers Directly

Explains how to directly store and recall numbers to/from registers.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Alteration of Register Contents

Explains how changing word size affects register contents.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Clearing Data Storage Registers

Describes how to clear data storage registers.

The Index Register

Introduces the Index Register and its uses.

Section 6: Memory and Storage

Storing and Recalling Numbers Indirectly

Explains indirect addressing and accessing registers via the Index Register.

Section 7: Programming Basics

The Mechanics

Introduces the basic concepts of programming the HP-16C.

Creating a Program

Explains the process of recording keystrokes to create a program.

Loading a Program

Details how to enter Program mode and prepare for loading programs.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Beginning a Program

Explains how to clear memory and start a new program at line 000.

Recording a Program

Describes how keystrokes are recorded as program instructions with keycodes.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Ending a Program

Explains how to end a program using RTN or R/S.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Running a Program

Details how to switch to Run mode and execute a stored program.

Executing a Program

Explains how to start program execution using GSB or GTO.

Intermediate Program Stops

Describes using PSE to pause program execution and view intermediate results.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Data Input

Explains methods for supplying data to a program.

Prior Entry

Describes storing data in registers before program execution.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Program Memory

Explains the allocation and size of program memory.

Program Instructions and Keycodes

Defines instructions and how keys are represented by keycodes.

Section 7: Programming Basics

Example

Provides an example program demonstrating multiplication of large numbers.

Section 8: Program Editing

The Mechanics

Outlines the two main steps involved in program modification.

Section 8: Program Editing

Deleting Program Lines

Explains how to delete program lines and the effect on line numbering.

Inserting Program Lines

Details how to add new instructions into existing programs.

Example

Illustrates program editing using a concatenation example.

Section 8: Program Editing

Moving to a Line in Program Memory

Explains how to navigate to specific lines for editing.

The Go To ([GT0]) Instruction

Describes using GTO to manually find positions in program memory.

The Single Step ([SST]) Instruction

Explains how to step through program lines one at a time.

The Back Step ([BST]) Instruction

Details how to move backwards through program lines.

Section 8: Program Editing

Initializing Calculator Status

Stresses the importance of initializing settings before running programs.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

The Mechanics

Introduces branching, conditional execution, and subroutines.

Branching

Explains simple and conditional branching techniques.

Go To Subroutine ([GSB])

Details how to transfer execution to subroutines and return.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Indirect Branching Using the Index Register

Explains how to use the Index Register for indirect branching.

Conditional Tests

Covers tests that compare values and alter program execution.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Testing for Set Flags and Set Bits

Explains how to test flags and bits to control program execution.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Loop Control with Counters: DSZ and ISZ

Details how DSZ and ISZ functions control loops using the Index Register.

Conditional Branch with DSZ or ISZ

Illustrates conditional branching using DSZ/ISZ for loop exit.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Example

Provides a checksum routine example using bit summation and loops.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Further Information

Provides extra information on programming topics.

Subroutines

Explains subroutine execution, including return conditions.

Section 9: Program Branching and Controls

Nesting

Discusses the limits and behavior of nested subroutines.

Program Versus Keyboard Use of [GSB]

Compares using GSB from the keyboard versus within a program.

Appendix A: Errors and Flags

Error Conditions

Lists and explains various error codes and their causes.

Appendix A: Errors and Flags

Error Categories

Groups specific error types including improper bit number, label, register, and subroutine levels.

Appendix A: Errors and Flags

Functions That Affect Flags

Lists arithmetic and shifting functions that affect carry and out-of-range flags.

Appendix B: Classes of Operations

Neutral Operations

Lists operations that do not alter stack lift status.

Enabling Operations

Lists operations that enable stack lift.

Operations Affecting the LAST X Register

Lists operations that save the current X-register value in LAST X.

Appendix B: Classes of Operations

Digit Entry and Stack Operations

Groups digit entry termination and stack lift behaviors (disabling, affecting).

Display and Mode Operations

Covers scrolling, prefix keys, and operations inactive in Floating-Point mode.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Batteries

Details the type and expected life of calculator batteries.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

WARNING

Provides critical safety warnings regarding battery handling and disposal.

Low-Power Indication

Explains the asterisk indicator for low battery power.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Installing New Batteries

Provides step-by-step instructions for replacing batteries.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Verifying Proper Operation (Self-Tests)

Explains how to perform self-tests to verify calculator functionality.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Limited One-Year Warranty

Outlines the terms and conditions of the product's warranty.

What We Will Do

Describes Hewlett-Packard's actions for fulfilling warranty claims.

What Is Not Covered

Lists conditions and damages not covered by the warranty.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Obligation to Make Changes

States Hewlett-Packard's policy on product modifications after sale.

Warranty Information

Provides contact details for warranty inquiries in the US and Europe.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Service

Explains general service procedures and repair timeframes.

Obtaining Repair Service in the United States

Gives the location and contact for US service centers.

Obtaining Repair Service in Europe

Lists European service center locations.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Service Warranty

Details the warranty provided for out-of-warranty repairs.

Shipping Instructions

Provides instructions for packaging and shipping units for service.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Further Information

Directs users to service centers for further repair questions.

When You Need Help

Lists phone numbers for product information and technical assistance.

Appendix C: Battery, Warranty, and Service Information

Potential for Radio and Television Interference (for U.S.A. Only)

Discusses potential interference and how to correct it.

Appendix D: Programs for Format Conversion

Formats

Describes the IEEE single-precision floating-point binary format.

Appendix D: Programs for Format Conversion

Program: Conversion from IEEE Format to HP-16 C Format

Provides a program to convert IEEE format numbers to HP-16C format.

Appendix D: Programs for Format Conversion

Program: Conversion from HP-16 C Format to IEEE Format

Provides a program to convert HP-16C numbers to IEEE format.

Function Summary and Index

ON

Explains the ON key for turning the calculator on and off.

Clearing

Summarizes different clearing operations for display, registers, and memory.

Digit Entry

Describes the digit keys and their use in number entry.

Function Summary and Index

Stack Rearrangement

Lists functions that rearrange numbers in the stack.

Number and Display Control

Summarizes functions for controlling number bases and display.

Mathematics

Lists arithmetic operators and their impact on the stack.

Function Summary and Index

Core Operations Summary

Groups Bit Manipulation, Memory/Storage, Index Register Control, Programming, and Conditionals.

Subject Index

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