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Hp·28S

Advanced Scientific Calculator

Owner's

Manual

r/i;'

HEWLETT

.:~

PACKARD

Edition 4 November

1988

Reorder Number 00028-90066

Main Page

Table of Contents6
How to Use this Manual16
What's in this Manual16
For more Information17
Part 1: Fundamentals18
Getting Started19
Preliminaries19
Opening and Closing the Case19
Locating the Battery Door and Printer Port20
Turning the HP-28S on and off21
Clearing All Memory (Memory Reset)21
Adjusting the Display Contrast22
Keyboard Calculations22
An Overview of the Calculator26
Major Features and Concepts26
The Catalog of Commands32
Doing Arithmetic35
Entering and Displaying Numbers37
Changing the Decimal Point37
Selecting Number Display Mode38
Keying in Numbers40
One-Number Functions41
Two-Number Functions42
Addition and Subtraction42
Multiplication and Division42
Powers and Roots43
Percentages44
Swapping Levels 1 and 244
Clearing Objects from the Stack45
Chain Calculations46
If You Execute the Wrong Function48
Using Variables49
Introduction to Variables49
Creating a Numerical Variable50
- Recalling a Numerical Variable51
Evaluating a Numerical Variable51
Changing the Value of a Variable52
Purging a Variable53
Changing the Name of a Variable53
Creating a Program Variable55
- Recalling a Program Variable57
Evaluating a Program Variable57
Quoted and Unquoted Names58
Repeating Calculations59
Creating an Expression59
Creating a Directory61
Using the Solver to Repeat a Calculation64
Using a Different Set of Values67
Using a Different Expression69
Returning to HOME72
Summary73
Real-Number Functions74
Trigonometric Functions74
Selecting Angle Mode74
Using75
Converting Angular Measure77
Logarithmic, Exponential, and Hyperbolic Functions78
Other Real Functions79
Defining New Functions80
- Complex-Number Functions83
- Using Complex Numbers83
- Using Polar Coordinates85
- User Function for Polar Addition87
- Plotting90
- Printing a Plot92
- Changing the Scale of the Plot92
- Translating the Plot94
- Redefining the Corners of the Plot95
- Plotting Equations98
- The Solver99
- Finding a Zero of an Expression99
Finding a Minimum or Maximum101
Time Value of Money104
Symbolic Solutions108
Finding the Zeros of a Quadratic Expression108
Isolating a Variable110
Expanding and Collecting111
Using FORM113
Calculus118
Differentiating an Expression118
Step-By-Step Differentiation119
Complete Differentiation121
- Integrating an Expression121
Symbolic Integration of Polynomials122
Numerical Integration of Expressions123
Vectors and Matrices125
Vectors125
Keying in a Vector125
Multiplying and Dividing a Vector by a Number126
Adding and Subtracting Vectors126
Finding the Cross Product127
Finding the Dot Product127
Matrices127
Keying in a Matrix128
Viewing a Large Matrix128
Inverting a Matrix129
Finding the Determinant129
Multiplying Two Arrays129
Multiplying Two Matrices129
Multiplying a Matrix and a Vector130
Solving a System of Linear Equations131
Statistics132
Entering Data133
Editing Data134
Single-Sample Statistics135
Finding the Mean135
Finding the Standard Deviation136
Finding the Variance136
Paired-Sample Statistics136
Specifying a Pair of Columns137
Finding the Correlation137
Finding the Covariance137
Finding the Linear Regression138
Finding Predicted Values138
Selecting the Wordsize139
Binary Arithmetic139
Selecting the Base140
Entering Binary Integers140
Calculating with Binary Integers141
Unit Conversion142
The UNITS Catalog142
Converting Units144
Converting Unit Strings145
Checking for the Correct Units147
User Functions for Unit Conversion148
Printing150
Printing the Display150
Printing a Running Record151
Printing Level 1152
Printing the Stack153
Printing a Variable153
Part 2: Summary of Calculator Features154
Objects155
Real Numbers156
Complex Numbers156
Binary Integers157
Strings157
Arrays158
Lists159
Names160
Programs161
Expressions162
Equations163
Symbolic Constants164
Operations, Commands, and Functions165
The Command Line167
The Cursor Menu167
Some Entry Keys169
Object Delimiters and Separators170
Entry Modes170
Exceptions172
Manual Selection of Entry Modes172
How the Cursor Indicates Modes173
Executing the Command Line174
Editing Existing Objects174
Recovering Command Lines175
The Command Line as a String176
The Stack177
Review of Stack Concepts177
Viewing the Stack178
Manipulating the Stack178
Local Variables180
Recovering the Last Arguments180
Restoring the Stack181
The Stack as a List182
Memory183
User Memory183
Global Variables183
Directories184
Recovery Features188
Low Memory189
Maximizing Performance191
Menus193
Menus of Commands194
Menus of Variables195
Menus of Operations195
Custom Menus196
Catalog of Commands197
Finding a Command198
Checking Command Use198
Evaluation199
Data-Class Objects200
Name-Class Objects200
Evaluation of Local Names201
Evaluation of Global Names201
Procedure-Class Objects202
Evaluation of Programs202
Evaluation of Algebraics203
Evaluation of Functions204
Modes206
General Modes206
Entry and Display Modes208
Recovery Modes211
Mathematical Exceptions212
Printing Modes213
System Operations216
Printing the Display217
Contrast Control217
Clearing Operations217
Attention217
Memory Reset218
System Halt218
Test Operations219
Repeating Test219
Part 3: Programming222
Program Structures223
Local-Variable Structure223
Conditional Structures224
IFTE (If-Then-Else-End Function)227
1FT (If-Then-End Command)228
Error Traps228
Definite Loop Structures229
Start229
FOR Counter230
Indefinite Loop Structures232
While233
Nested Program Structures234
Interactive Programs235
Asking for Input235
Asking for a Choice236
Programming Examples241
Box Functions242
BOXS (Surface of a Box)242
BOXS Without Local Variables245
BOXR (Ratio of Surface to Volume of a Box)246
Fibonacci Numbers247
FIB2 (Fibonacci Numbers, Loop Version)249
Comparison of Fibl and FIB2250
Single-Step Execution251
Expanding and Collecting Completely254
MULTI (Multiple Execution)254
EXCO (Expand and Collect Completely)256
Displaying a Binary Integer258
PAD (Pad with Leading Spaces)258
PRESERVE (Save and Restore Previous Status)259
BDISP (Binary Display)262
Summary Statistics263
SUMS (Summary Statistics Matrix)264
Median of Statistics Data271
SORT (Sort a List)272
LMED (Median of a List)273
MEDIAN (Median of Statistics Data)274
Changing Directories276
UP (Move to a Parent Directory)277
DOWN (Move to a Subdirectory)278
Appendixes & Indexes282
Assistance, Batteries, and Service283
Answers to Common Questions283
Batteries287
Calculator Maintenance290
Environmental Limits290
Determining if the Calculator Requires Service290
Limited One-Year Warranty292
If the Calculator Requires Service294
Regulatory Information296
Notes for Algebraic Calculator Users303
Menu Map307
Key Index328
Subject Index333

HP HP-28S - Page 2

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