Power Factor (vectorial) - Lambda
• The power factor is unsigned.
PF
P
=
CosPhi - Fundamental Power Factor
• Only the mains frequency part is used for calculati-
on of the cosphi.
• CosPhi sign:
- = for the supply of real power
+ = for obtaining real power
PF
P
S
1
1
1
cos( )
ϕ
CosPhi total
• CosPhi sign:
- = for the supply of real power
+ = for obtaining real power
cos( )
()(
ϕ
Sum
PPPQ
fund fund fund
fund fund fund
3
123
123
2
1
=
PPP
fund fund fund fund
fund fund fun
4
1234
123
=
++
ddfund fund fund fund fund
PQQQQ+++++
4
2
12
2
)( )
K-factor
• The K-factor describes the increase of the eddy current losses when loaded with harmonics. For a sinusoidal load on
the transformer, the K-factor =1. The larger the K-factor, the heavier a transformer can be loaded with harmonics wit-
hout overheating.
Phase Angle Phi
• The phase angle between current and voltage of the external conductor p is calculated according to DIN EN 61557-12
and displayed.
• The sign of the phase angle corresponding to the sign of the reactive power.
Under difference I