MEASUREMENTS
patient’s vital signs by alternate means and then check the Pulse Oximeter for
proper functioning.
Inaccurate measurements may be caused by:
Incorrect sensor application or use.
methemoglobin).
Intravascular dyes such as indocyanine green or methylene blue.
Interfering Substances: Dyes, nail polish or any substance containing dyes,
that change usual blood pigmentation may cause erroneous readings.
Pulse rate measurement is based on the optical detection of a peripheral
oximeter should not be used as a replacement or substitute for ECG based
arrhythmia analysis.
Exposure to excessive illumination, such as surgical lamps (especially ones
heating lamps, or direct sunlight (exposure to excessive illumination can be
corrected by covering the sensor with a dark or opaque material).
Excessive patient movement.
SpO
2
is empirically calibrated to functional arterial oxygen saturation in
healthy adult volunteers with normal levels of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb)
and methemoglobin (MetHb). A pulse oximeter cannot measure elevated
levels of COHb or MetHb. Increases in either COHb or MetHb will affect the
accuracy of the SpO
2
measurement.
For increased COHb: COHb levels above normal tend to increase the
level of SpO
2
. The level of increase is approximately equal to the
amount of COHb that is present.
High levels of COHb may occur with a seemingly normal SpO
2
. When
elevated levels of COHb are suspected, laboratory analysis
(CO-Oximetry) of a blood sample should be performed.
For increased MetHb: the SpO
2
may be decreased by levels of
the SpO
2
may tend to read in the low to mid 80s. When elevated levels
of MetHb are suspected, laboratory analysis (CO-Oximetry) of a blood
sample should be performed.
Venous congestion may cause under reading of actual arterial oxygen
Sensor should not be below heart level (e.g. sensor on hand of a patient in a
Venous pulsations may cause erroneous low readings (e.g. tricuspid valve
regurgitation).
Patient suffers from abnormal pulse rhythm.
The pulsations from intra-aortic balloon support can be additive to the
pulse rate on the oximeter pulse rate display. Verify patient’s pulse rate
against the ECG heart rate.
Use only Masimo approved accessories.
Motion artifact may lead to inaccurate measurements.
Elevated levels of Total Bilirubin may lead to inaccurate SpO
2
measurements.
With very low perfusion at the monitored site, the readings may read lower
than core arterial oxygen saturation.
Do not expose the Pulse Oximeter to excessive moisture such as direct
exposure to rain. Excessive moisture can cause the Pulse Oximeter to
perform inaccurately or fail.
Do not immerse the sensor or patient cable in water, solvents, or
cleaning solutions (the sensors and connectors are not waterproof).
Placement of a sensor on an extremity with a blood pressure cuff, arterial
catheter, or intravascular line.
inaccurate for a short time.
Loss of pulse signal can occur in any of the following situations:
The sensor is too tight.
There is excessive illumination from light sources such as a surgical lamp,
a bilirubin lamp, or sunlight.
SpO
2
sensor attached.
The patient has hypotension, severe vasoconstriction, severe anemia, or
hypothermia.
There is arterial occlusion proximal to the sensor.
The patient is in cardiac arrest or is in shock.
Operation (Pulse Oximeter)
Operation (Pulse Oximeter)
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