SEBU8121 41
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
DHD-1 oils are r
ecommended for use in extended oil
change interval programs that optimize the life of the
oil. These oil change interval programs are based
on oil analysi
s. DHD-1 oils are recommended for
conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor has the specific
guidelines f
or optimizing oil change intervals.
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to
meet the requ
irements of the new high performance
diesel eng ines. Also, the oil was designed to
meet the requirements of the low emissions diesel
engines. AP
I CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use
in older diesel engines and in diesel engines that
usehighsulfurdieselfuel.APICH-4oilsmaybe
used in Perk
ins engines that use API CG-4 and API
CF-4 oils. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the
performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria:
deposits o
n pistons, control of oil consumption, wear
of piston rings, valve train wear, viscosity control,
and corrosion.
Three new engine tests were developed for the API
CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates deposits
on piston
s for engines with the two-piece steel piston.
This test (piston deposit) also measures the control
of oil consumption. A second test is conducted
with mode
rate oil soot. The second test measures
the following criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of
cylinder liners, and resistance t o corrosion. A third
new test
measures the following characteristics with
high levels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train,
resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter, and
control
of sludge.
In addition to the new tests, API CH-4 oils have
toughe
r limits for viscosity control in applications that
generate high soot. The oils also have improved
oxidation resistance. API CH-4 oils must pass an
additi
onal test (piston deposit) for engines that use
aluminum pistons (single piece). Oil performance is
also established for engines that operate in areas
with h
igh sulfur diesel fuel.
All of these improvements allow the API CH-4
oil to
achieve optimum oil change intervals. API
CH-4 oils are recommended for use in extended oil
change intervals. API CH-4 oils are recommended
for co
nditions that demand a premium oil. Your
Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor has specific
guidelines for optimizing oil change intervals.
Some commercial oils that meet the API
classifications may require reduced oil change
inte
rvals. To determine the oil change interval, closely
monitor the condition of the oil and perform a wear
metal analysis.
NOTICE
Failuretofoll
ow these oil recommendations can cause
shortened engine service life due to deposits and/or
excessive wear.
Total Base Num
ber (TBN) and Fuel Sulfur
Levels for Direct Injection (DI) Diesel
Engines
The Total Base Number (TBN) for an oil depends on
the fuel sulfur level. For direct injection engines that
use distilla
te fuel, the minimum TBN of the new oil
must be 10 times the fuel sulfur level. The TBN is
defined by “ASTM D2896”. The minimum TBN of the
oil is 5 regar
dless of fuel sulfur level. Illustration 19
demonstrates the TBN.
g00799818
Illustration 19
(Y) TBN by “ASTM D2896 ”
(X) Pe rcentage of fuel sulfur by weight
(1) TBN of new oil
(2) C hange the oil when the TBN deteriorates to 50 percent of
the original TBN.
Use the following guidelines for fuel sulfur levels that
exceed 1.5 percent:
•
Choose an oil with the highest TBN that meets one
of these classifications: EMA DHD-1 and API CH-4.
•
Reduce the oil change interval. Base the oil
change interval on the oil analysis. Ensure that the
oil analysis includes the condition of the oil and
a wear metal analysis.
Excessive piston deposits can be produced by an oil
withahighTBN.Thesedepositscanleadtoaloss
of control of the oil consumption and to the polishing
of the cylinder bore.
NOTICE
Operating Direct Injection (DI) diesel engines with fuel
sulphur levels over 0.5 percent will require shortened
oil change intervals in order to help maintain adequate
wear protection.
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