Texas Instruments TMS34010 User Manual

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment
5.4 Floating Point Conventions
5-6
A floating point value is represented in 32 bits for single precision and in 64
bits for double precision. All operations are done in double precision, so single
precision (32-bit) values and integers are converted before any operations are
perform~d. The following functionality is provided:
• Addition, subtraction, mul~iplication, division, negation, increment, dec-
rement
• Cl;>mparisons
•
Conversions
Unsigned integer
to double, double to unsigned integer
Unsigned integer
to float, float to unsigned integer
Signed integer
to double, double to signed integer
Signed integer
to float, float to signed integer
Float to double, double to float
•
Error handling
The TMS3401 0 floating point package is a custom-coded package that does
not follow usual C calling conventions. The calling conventions for routines
work like a classic operand stack. First, the codegen pushes the floating point
argument(s) onto the argument stack, then generates a call to a floating point
function. The floating point function pops the arguments off the stack, per-
forms the operation
and pushes the result back onto the stack. The compiler
has no knowledge of the interned format of the floating point numbers, and the
only restriction is on the size of the number. This allows you to customize a
floating point package for your environment.
Some
floating point functions exp~ct integer arguments or return integer val-
ues. For floating point functions, all integers are passed and returned in reg-
ister A8.
The
following functional definitions apply to the floating point package and
are used by the compiler. More detailed information about each one of the
functions can be found in Appendix
O.
-FP-AOD. -FP-MINUS. -FP_DIV •. _FP_MUlT Each takes two
doubles and returns a double result.
-FP-NEGATE Returns the negated value of the operand passed.
-FP-COMPARE Takes two floats and a comparison operator (in A8) and
Note:
returns an integer result of 0 or 1 based on the compar-
ison;
also sets the status ..
The compiler assumes that the status register is also appropriately set
upon return from the
-FP-COMPARE function.
-FP-DECR Takes one double and returns two: the top of the stack
is the original argument decremented by one; the second
item on the stack
is the original argument (unchanged).

Texas Instruments TMS34010 Specifications

General

Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Model	TMS34010
Data Bus Width	32-bit
Operating Voltage	5 V
Year Introduced	1986
Category	Graphics Processor Unit (GPU)
Clock Speed	40 MHz (Maximum)
Instruction Set	Custom
Graphics Capabilities	2D graphics
Package	PGA
Resolution Support	up to 1024x768
Architecture	32-bit RISC

Summary

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview

Applicable Documents

Lists related Texas Instruments and C programming publications.

Documentation Conventions

Explains symbols and formatting used in the guide.

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Installation

Installation for Texas Instruments and IBM PC Systems

Details installation steps for PC systems, including hardware requirements and diskette usage.

VAX/VMS Systems Installation

Covers tape mounting, VMS commands, and setup for VAX/VMS.

VAX/ULTRIX and VAX/UNIX System V Installation

Outlines tape installation and tool verification for ULTRIX and UNIX systems.

Invocation and Operation of the TMS34010 C Compiler

The TMS34010 C Preprocessor (GSPCPP)

Describes GSPCPP's role in macro processing, include files, and conditional compilation.

The TMS34010 Parser (GSPCC)

Explains GSPCC's function in syntax checking and generating intermediate files.

The Code Generator (GSPCG)

Details GSPCG's process of converting intermediate code to assembly source.

Batch Execution of the C Compiler

Explains how to use GSPC.BAT for compiling and assembling C programs.

Linking a C Program

Covers modular code linking, object libraries, and the role of the linker.

The TMS34010 C Language

Identifiers and Keywords

Discusses identifier significance, case sensitivity, and new keywords.

TMS34010 C Data Types

Details basic and derived data types, including enum and void.

Structure and Union Declarations

Explains alignment, bit fields, and member name rules for structures and unions.

Enumeration Declarations

Describes the syntax and usage of named integer constants (enumerations).

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment

Memory Model

Describes memory organization, including code and data placement.

Register Conventions

Outlines register usage for stack management, function calls, and general operations.

Function Call Conventions

Details how functions pass arguments, handle return values, and manage the stack.

System Initialization

Explains the creation and initialization of the C run-time environment, including stacks.

TMS34010 Run-Time Support

Memory Management

Describes C dynamic memory management routines like malloc, calloc, and free.

String Functions

Lists and describes functions for string manipulation, search, and comparison.

Character Typing and Conversion Macros

Explains macros for identifying character types and converting between cases.

Fatal Errors

Compiler Error Messages

Describes the format and common fatal error messages from the compiler.

Floating Point Facility

Single-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 32-bit format for single-precision floating-point numbers.

Double-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 64-bit format for double-precision floating-point numbers.

Floating Point Conversions

Explains conversions between integer, float, and double types.

Floating-Point Error Exception Handling

Describes how to trap and handle floating-point errors using fp-error.