Texas Instruments TMS34010 User Manual

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment
3) If space must be allocated on the stack for a return value, it must be al-
located
before any other function call setup action.
If the function returns a double, a float, or a structure type, space must
be
allocated on the stack for the return value, regardless of whether the
caller will use the data.
4) Parameters to the function are passed in reverse order; that is, the last
parameter is pushed first and the first is pushed last. This feature allows
variable-length
argument lists to be handled easily.
5) All integer types are widened to 32-bit integers. (See Conversions, page
4-4.)
6) All floating point values are converted to doubles.
7) Structures are "widened" to the next larger word boundary.
Note:
Passing structures to functions can be dangerous. The called function
must know the correct size of the structure in order to handle the call
properly.
If the sizes do not match, unpredictable results occur. There is
no compile-time check for this in C.
8) The called routine does all cleanup of the stack, so the caller does not
need to do anything after the actual call to the function.
5.5.3 Local Frame Generation
The first steps taken by the called function are:
1) Saves any registers which are modified by the function (including the
frame pointer
if the function has local variables). This is accomplished
via the
MMTM instruction, pushing the original values of the used reg-
isters onto the system stack.
2) If there are local variables, sets the frame pointer (A13) to point to the
top of the program stack (A14) and then allocates the local frame by
incrementing the program stack.
5-9

Texas Instruments TMS34010 Specifications

General

Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Model	TMS34010
Data Bus Width	32-bit
Operating Voltage	5 V
Year Introduced	1986
Category	Graphics Processor Unit (GPU)
Clock Speed	40 MHz (Maximum)
Instruction Set	Custom
Graphics Capabilities	2D graphics
Package	PGA
Resolution Support	up to 1024x768
Architecture	32-bit RISC

Summary

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview

Applicable Documents

Lists related Texas Instruments and C programming publications.

Documentation Conventions

Explains symbols and formatting used in the guide.

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Installation

Installation for Texas Instruments and IBM PC Systems

Details installation steps for PC systems, including hardware requirements and diskette usage.

VAX/VMS Systems Installation

Covers tape mounting, VMS commands, and setup for VAX/VMS.

VAX/ULTRIX and VAX/UNIX System V Installation

Outlines tape installation and tool verification for ULTRIX and UNIX systems.

Invocation and Operation of the TMS34010 C Compiler

The TMS34010 C Preprocessor (GSPCPP)

Describes GSPCPP's role in macro processing, include files, and conditional compilation.

The TMS34010 Parser (GSPCC)

Explains GSPCC's function in syntax checking and generating intermediate files.

The Code Generator (GSPCG)

Details GSPCG's process of converting intermediate code to assembly source.

Batch Execution of the C Compiler

Explains how to use GSPC.BAT for compiling and assembling C programs.

Linking a C Program

Covers modular code linking, object libraries, and the role of the linker.

The TMS34010 C Language

Identifiers and Keywords

Discusses identifier significance, case sensitivity, and new keywords.

TMS34010 C Data Types

Details basic and derived data types, including enum and void.

Structure and Union Declarations

Explains alignment, bit fields, and member name rules for structures and unions.

Enumeration Declarations

Describes the syntax and usage of named integer constants (enumerations).

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment

Memory Model

Describes memory organization, including code and data placement.

Register Conventions

Outlines register usage for stack management, function calls, and general operations.

Function Call Conventions

Details how functions pass arguments, handle return values, and manage the stack.

System Initialization

Explains the creation and initialization of the C run-time environment, including stacks.

TMS34010 Run-Time Support

Memory Management

Describes C dynamic memory management routines like malloc, calloc, and free.

String Functions

Lists and describes functions for string manipulation, search, and comparison.

Character Typing and Conversion Macros

Explains macros for identifying character types and converting between cases.

Fatal Errors

Compiler Error Messages

Describes the format and common fatal error messages from the compiler.

Floating Point Facility

Single-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 32-bit format for single-precision floating-point numbers.

Double-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 64-bit format for double-precision floating-point numbers.

Floating Point Conversions

Explains conversions between integer, float, and double types.

Floating-Point Error Exception Handling

Describes how to trap and handle floating-point errors using fp-error.