Texas Instruments TMS34010 User Manual

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment
5.7.1 System Stack
The system stack is pointed to by the SP register and grows toward low me-
mory. This stack
is used by function calls to save the context of the calling
function, including any registers used by the called function. This stack is
supported directly by the TMS3401 0 instruction set, and register SP is dedi-
cated
to stack management. The system stack is manipulated by C primarily
through the use of four commands:
• MMTM Save Registers
• MMFM Restore Registers
• CALLA (or CALL) Call a Function
• RETS (or RETI) Return from a Function (or Interrupt)
It is also used by interrupts to save the status of the interrupted function.
5.7.2 Program Stack
The program stack is used for frame generation; i.e., to pass arguments to
functions and allocate local (temporary) variables for the called functions. The
program stack
is controlled entirely in software, using A14 to point to the
current
"top of stack", and grows toward high memory. Thus, A14 is a dedi-
cated register in the C environment, and it must be carefully manipulated to
avoid system crashes.
5.7.3 Initialization of Global Variables
Before execution of your program, any global variables declared to be pre-
initialized must be initialized by the boot program. This is done through the
use
of initialization tables placed in the .data section of the program object
module. Any module generated by the compiler may produce these tables,
and the linker appends them into one table.
Note:
Because the .data section is used by the codegen to contain initialization
tables only,
you are not allowed to place any other data in this section.
Doing so causes corruption in the
initialization table format, causing un-
predictable results.
Global
and static variables that are not autoinitialized are not guaranteed to
be initialized to O.
5-13

Texas Instruments TMS34010 Specifications

General

Manufacturer	Texas Instruments
Model	TMS34010
Data Bus Width	32-bit
Operating Voltage	5 V
Year Introduced	1986
Category	Graphics Processor Unit (GPU)
Clock Speed	40 MHz (Maximum)
Instruction Set	Custom
Graphics Capabilities	2D graphics
Package	PGA
Resolution Support	up to 1024x768
Architecture	32-bit RISC

Summary

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Product Overview

Applicable Documents

Lists related Texas Instruments and C programming publications.

Documentation Conventions

Explains symbols and formatting used in the guide.

TMS34010 C Compiler Package Installation

Installation for Texas Instruments and IBM PC Systems

Details installation steps for PC systems, including hardware requirements and diskette usage.

VAX/VMS Systems Installation

Covers tape mounting, VMS commands, and setup for VAX/VMS.

VAX/ULTRIX and VAX/UNIX System V Installation

Outlines tape installation and tool verification for ULTRIX and UNIX systems.

Invocation and Operation of the TMS34010 C Compiler

The TMS34010 C Preprocessor (GSPCPP)

Describes GSPCPP's role in macro processing, include files, and conditional compilation.

The TMS34010 Parser (GSPCC)

Explains GSPCC's function in syntax checking and generating intermediate files.

The Code Generator (GSPCG)

Details GSPCG's process of converting intermediate code to assembly source.

Batch Execution of the C Compiler

Explains how to use GSPC.BAT for compiling and assembling C programs.

Linking a C Program

Covers modular code linking, object libraries, and the role of the linker.

The TMS34010 C Language

Identifiers and Keywords

Discusses identifier significance, case sensitivity, and new keywords.

TMS34010 C Data Types

Details basic and derived data types, including enum and void.

Structure and Union Declarations

Explains alignment, bit fields, and member name rules for structures and unions.

Enumeration Declarations

Describes the syntax and usage of named integer constants (enumerations).

TMS34010 C Run-Time Environment

Memory Model

Describes memory organization, including code and data placement.

Register Conventions

Outlines register usage for stack management, function calls, and general operations.

Function Call Conventions

Details how functions pass arguments, handle return values, and manage the stack.

System Initialization

Explains the creation and initialization of the C run-time environment, including stacks.

TMS34010 Run-Time Support

Memory Management

Describes C dynamic memory management routines like malloc, calloc, and free.

String Functions

Lists and describes functions for string manipulation, search, and comparison.

Character Typing and Conversion Macros

Explains macros for identifying character types and converting between cases.

Fatal Errors

Compiler Error Messages

Describes the format and common fatal error messages from the compiler.

Floating Point Facility

Single-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 32-bit format for single-precision floating-point numbers.

Double-Precision Floating-Point Format

Details the 64-bit format for double-precision floating-point numbers.

Floating Point Conversions

Explains conversions between integer, float, and double types.

Floating-Point Error Exception Handling

Describes how to trap and handle floating-point errors using fp-error.