Casio fx-115ES PLUS - Function Calculations

E-20
Function Calculations
For actual operations using each function, see the “Examples” section
following the list below.
π
π
: π is displayed as 3.141592654, but π = 3.14159265358980 is used for
internal calculations.
e : e is displayed as 2.718281828, but e = 2.71828182845904 is used for
internal calculations.
sin, cos, tan, sin
−1
, cos
−1
, tan
−1
: Trigonometric functions. Specify the
angle unit before performing calculations. See
1
.
sinh, cosh, tanh, sinh
−1
, cosh
−1
, tanh
−1
: Hyperbolic functions. Input a
function from the menu that appears when you press w. The angle unit
setting does not affect calculations. See
2
.
°,
r
,
g
: These functions specify the angle unit. ° specifies degrees,
r
radians,
and
g
grads. Input a function from the menu that appears when you perform
the following key operation: 1G(DRG'). See
3
.
$, % : Exponential functions. Note that the input method is different
depending upon whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display.
See
4
.
log
: Logarithmic function. Use the l key to input log
a
b as log (a, b). Base
10 is the default setting if you do not input anything for
a. The & key also
can be used for input, but only while Natural Display is selected. In this
case, you must input a value for the base. See
5
.
ln
: Natural logarithm to base e. See
6
.
x
2
, x
3
, x^, ), #, ", x
−1
: Powers, power roots, and reciprocals. Note
that the input methods for
x^, ), #, and " are different depending upon
whether you are using Natural Display or Linear Display. See
7
.
Note: • The following functions cannot be input in consecutive sequence:
x
2
, x
3
, x^, x
−1
. If you input 2ww, for example, the final w will be ignored.
To input
2
2
2
, input 2w, press the d key, and then press w(B).
•
x
2
, x
3
, x
−1
can be used in complex number calculations.
: Function for performing numerical integration using the Gauss-Kronrod
method. Natural Display input syntax is
∫
a
b
f
(
x
)
, while Linear Display input
syntax is
∫
(
f
(
x
)
, a, b, tol). tol specifies tolerance, which becomes 1 ×
10
–5
when nothing is input for tol. Also see “Integration and Differential
Calculation Precautions” and “Tips for Successful Integration Calculations”
for more information. See
8
.
F: Function for approximation of the derivative based on the central
difference method. Natural Display input syntax is
dx
d
(
f
(
x
))

x
=
a
, while
Linear Display input syntax is
dx
d
(
f
(
x
)
, a, tol). tol specifies tolerance,
which becomes 1 × 10
–10
when nothing is input for tol. Also see “Integration
and Differential Calculation Precautions” for more information. See
9
.
8: Function that, for a specified range of f(x), determines sum
Σ
(
f
(
x
))
x
=
a
b
=
f(a) + f(a+1) + f(a+2) + ...+ f(b). Natural Display input syntax is
Σ
(
f
(
x
))
x
=
a
b
,
while Linear Display input syntax is Σ( f(x), a, b). a and b are integers that