Cybex Free Weight Owner’s Manual
General
Exercise
Guidelines
Page 3-6
Isokinetic - action in which the rate of movement is constantly maintained through a specifi c range
of motion even though maximal force is exerted.
Isokinetic Contraction - a muscular contraction through a range of motion at a constant velocity.
Isometric - a contraction in which movement is produced but no movement occurs.
Isometric (static) Contraction - a muscular contraction in which there is no change in the angle of
the involved joint(s) and little or no change in the length of the contracting muscle.
Isotonic - a contraction in which movement is produced.
Medial Rotation - movement around an axis and toward the mid-line of the body. Also termed internal
rotation.
Medial - aspect nearest the mid-line of the body; pertaining to the center. Opposite of lateral.
Metabolism - the sum total of the chemical changes or reactions occurring in the body.
Moment Arm - (MA) the shortest distance between the action line and the joint axis.
Momentum - determined by mass x velocity. Will remain constant unless the object is acted upon
by another force.
Muscle Contraction - shortening of a muscle and/or development of tension in a muscle.
Muscular Endurance - the ability of a muscle or muscle group to perform repeated contractions
against a light load for an extended period of time.
Neutral - a point between the two extremes of a joint’s range of motion.
Obesity - excess body fat.
Open Kinematic Chain - the ends of the limbs are free to move without causing motion at another
joint. Open chain motions are not predictable because the joints amy function either independently or
in unison. Less mechanically effi cient, therefore more stress is placed upon muscular tissue.
Origin - attachment of a muscle that remains relatively fi xed during muscular contraction.
Overload - to exercise a muscle or muscle group against resistance greater than that which is normally
encountered. The resistance (load) can be maximal or near-maximal.
Passive Insuffi ciency - a two-joint muscle loses the ability to cross-bridge (generate force) due to full
lengthening over its greatest anatomical length due to force created in an opposing muscle.
Passive Stabilization - due to noncontractile components. Internal stabilization is created by connective
tissue (muscular support is not provided anatomically or physiologically) and external stabilization is
provided by a bench or brace.
Plane of Motion - a two-dimensional fl at surface running through an object. Motion occurs in the plane
or parallel to the plane.
Plantar - anatomical term referring to the sole or bottom.
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