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FIFO
First In First Out.
 A queuing process where the first 
packet in the queue is the first packet out of the 
packet.
Flapping
Flapping occurs when an interfaces state is 
constantly changing. For example, an STP port 
constantly changes from listening to learning to 
forwarding. This may cause traffic loss.
Flow Control
Enables lower speed devices to communicate with 
higher speed devices, that is, that the higher speed 
device refrains from sending packets. 
Fragment
Ethernet packets smaller than 576 bits.
Frame
Packets containing the header and trailer 
information required by the physical medium.
G
GARP
General Attributes Registration Protocol.
 Registers 
client stations into a Multicast domain.
Gigabit Ethernet
Gigabit Ethernet transmits at 1000 Mbps, and is 
compatible with existing 10/100 Mbps Ethernet 
standards.
GVRP
GARP VLAN Registration Protocol. Registers client 
stations into a VLANs.
H
HOL
Head of Line
. Packets are queued. Packets at the 
head of the queue are forwarded before packets at 
the end of the line.
Host
A computer that acts as a source of information or 
services to other computers.
HTTP
HyperText Transport Protocol.
 Transmits HTML 
documents between servers and clients on the 
internet.
I
IC
Integrated Circuit
. Integrated Circuits are small 
electronic devices composed from semiconductor 
material.
ICMP
Internet Control Message Protocol.
 Allows gateway 
or destination host to communicate with a source 
host, for example, to report a processing error.
IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.
 An 
Engineering organization that develops 
communications and networking standards.
IEEE 802.1d
Used in the Spanning Tree Protocol, IEEE 802.1d 
supports MAC bridging to avoid network loops.