H Y D R O P O O L I N D U S T R I E S
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1 CHLORINE – in granular, liquid or puck/tablet form, is an oxidant and biocidal agent. It is very effective and fast acting.
Recommended chlorine residual level is 1.0 to 3.0 ppm.
2 CHLORAMINES – a compound formed when chlorine combines with nitrogen or ammonia present in the water. When
allowed to go unchecked, it causes eye and skin irritation and is indicated by a strong chlorine odour.
3 ONE-PART BROMINE – also available in puck/tablet form, is another type of oxidant/biocidal agent, and is introduced
into the hot tub water via a brominator. Recommended bromine residual level is 2.0 to 4.0 ppm
4 TWO-PART BROMINE – composed of a liquid or powder component introduced manually into the water on a weekly
basis, and a granular component that is added daily or as the hot tub is used.
5 BROMAMINES – are formed when bromine destroys nitrogen-bearing organic matter. Unlike chloramines, bromamines
don’t cause eye irritation, however, when allowed to go unchecked, will cause an objectionable odour.
6 SHOCK – the practice of adding an oxidizing agent to hot tub water to destroy ammonia, nitrogenous and organic
contaminants (chloramines and bromamines)
7 pH – a logarithmic value expressing the relative acidity or basicity of a substance (such as hot tub water) as indicated
by the hydrogen ion concentration. pH is expressed as a number on a scale of 0 to 14, where 0 is most acidic, 1 to 7
being acidic, 7 considered neutral, 7 to 14 being basic, and 14 being most basic. The ideal range for hot tub water is
7.4 to 7.6 ppm
8 pH INCREASER – raises the pH level of the water.
9 pH DECREASER – lowers the pH level of the water.
10 TOTAL ALKALINITY (TA) – the amount of carbonate, bicarbonate and hydroxide compounds present in the water that
determines the ability or capacity of the water to resist change in pH. Also known as the ‘buffering’ capacity.
11 ALKALINITY BOOSTER – raises the alkalinity.
12 CALCIUM HARDNESS – the calcium portion of the total alkalinity which represents 70 to 75% of total hardness.
Calcium concentrations determine whether water is ‘soft’ - too little calcium, or ‘hard’ -too much calcium.
13 CALCIUM BOOSTER – increases the calcium level.
14 TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS) – a measure of the total amount of dissolved matter in the water (calcium, carbonates,
bicarbonates, magnesium, metallic compounds, etc.)
15 SEQUESTERANTS (STAIN AND SCALE CONTROLLERS) – keeps dissolved metals and minerals in the water from
attacking the hot tub shell and support equipment components.
16 DEFOAMER – removes foam build-up from the water surface. At best, this is a temporary remedy, as excessive foam is
merely a symptom of improper water balance (typically high organic residue and/or high pH).
17 CARTRIDGE FILTER CLEANER – degreases and cleans cartridge filters.
18 OZONATOR – generates Ozone (a gaseous molecule composed of 3 atoms of oxygen) and is injected into the hot tub
water for the oxidation of water contaminants.
19 TEST KIT – used to monitor specific chemical residual or demands in the water. May be in the form of litmus strips or
liquid drops.
20 PPM – abbreviation for ‘parts per million’, the unit of measurement used in chemical testing which indicates the parts
by weight in relation to one million parts by weight of water. Essentially identical to the term mg/L - milligrams per
liter.
GLOSSARY OF COMMON WATER MAINTENANCE TERMS
WATER BALANCE SUMMARY FOR YOUR HOT TUB
SANITIZER (ppm) MIN IDEAL MAX
Chlorine 1.0 1.0 - 3.0 5.0
Bromine 1.0 2.0 - 4.0 6.0
CHEMICAL
PH 7.2 7.4 - 7.6 7.8
Total Alkalinity (TA) 80 90 - 120* 160 *when using chlorine
120 - 150** **when using bromine
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 300 1000 - 2000 3000
Calcium Hardness 150 200 - 400 500
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