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3. What kinds of phones are the subject of this
update?
The term “wireless phone” refers here to hand-held
wireless phones with built-in antennas, often called
“cell”, “mobile”, or “PCS” phones. These types of
wireless phones can expose the user to measurable
radiofrequency energy(RF) because of the short dis-
tance between the phone and the user’s head.
These RF exposures are limited by Federal
Communications Commission safety guidelines that
were developed with the advice of FDA and other
federal health and safety agencies. When the phone
is located at greater distances from the user, the
exposure to RF is drastically lower because a per-
son's RF exposure decreases rapidly with increasing
distance from the source. The so-called "cordless
phones," which have a base unit connected to the
telephone wiring in a house, typically operate at far
lower power levels, and thus produce RF exposures
far below the FCC safety limits.
4. What are the results of the research done
already?
The research done thus far has produced conflicting
results, and many studies have suffered from flaws in
their research methods. Animal experiments investi-
gating the effects of radiofrequency energy (RF)
exposures characteristic of wireless phones have
yielded conflicting results that often cannot be
repeated in other laboratories. A few animal studies,
Chapter 8
Safety Guidelines
• National Institute for Occupational Safety and
Health
• Environmental Protection Agency
• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• National Telecommunications and Information
Asministration
The National Institutes of Health participates in some
interagency working group activities, as well
FDA shares regulatory responsibilities for wireless
phones with the Federal Communications
Commission (FCC). All phones that are sold in the
United States must comply with FCC safety guide-
lines that limit RF exposure. FCC relies on FDA and
other health agencies for safety questions about
wireless phones.
FCC also regulates the base stations that the wire-
less phone networks rely upon. While these base
stations operate at higher power than do the wireless
phones themselves, the RF exposures that people
get from these base stations are typically thousands
of times lower than those they can get from wireless
phones. Base stations are thus not the subject of the
safety questions discussed in this document.