46 SEBU8121
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
NOTICE
Operating with
fuels that do not meet the Perkins rec-
ommendations can cause the following effects: Start-
ing difficulty, poor combustion, deposits in the fuel in-
jectors, redu
ced service life of the fuel system, de-
posits in the combustion chamber, and reduced ser-
vice life of the engine.
NOTICE
Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO), Residual fuel, or Blended fuel
must NOT be used in Perkins diesel engines. Severe
component wear and component failures will result if
HFO type fuels are used in engines that are configured
to use distillate fuel.
In extreme cold ambient conditions, you may use the
distillate fuels that are specified in Table 9. However,
the fuel that is selected must meet the requirements
that are specified in Table 8. These fuels are intended
to be used in operating temperatures that are down
to −54 °C (−65 °F).
Table 9
Distillate Fuels
(1)
Specification Grade
“MIL-T-5624R”
JP-5
“ASTM D1655”
Jet-A-1
“MIL-T-83133D”
JP-8
(1)
T
he fuels that are listed in this Table may not me et the
r
equirements that are specified in the “Perkins Specifications
f
or Distillate Diesel Fuel” Table. Consult the supplier for the
r
ecommended additives in order to maintain the correct fuel
l
ubricity.
These fuels are lighter than the No. 2 grades of fuel.
The cetane number of the fuels in Table 9 must be
at least 40. If the viscosity is below 1.4 cSt at 38 °C
(100 °F), use the fuel only in temperatures below
0 °C (32 °F). Do not use any fuels with a viscosity
of less than 1.2 cSt at 38 °C (100 °F). Fuel cooling
mayberequiredinordertomaintaintheminimum
viscosity of 1.4 cSt at the fuel injection pump.
There are many other diesel fuel specifications that
are published by governments and by technological
societies. Usually, those specifications do not
review all the requirements that are addressed
in this specification. To ensure optimum engine
performance, a complete fuel analysis should be
obtained before engine operation. The fuel analysis
should include all of the properties that are listed in
Tab le 8 .
Cooling System Specifications
General Coolant Information
NOTICE
Never add coola
nt to an overheated engine. Engine
damage could result. Allow the engine to cool first.
NOTICE
If the engine is to be stored in, or shipped to an area
with below freezing temperatures, the cooling system
must be either protected to the lowest outside temper-
ature or drained completely to prevent damage.
NOTICE
Frequently check the specific gravity of the coolant for
proper freeze
protection or for anti-boil protection.
Clean the cooling system for the following reasons:
•
Contamination of the cooling system
•
Overheating of the engine
•
Foaming of the coolant
NOTICE
Never operate an engine without water temperature
regulators in the cooling system. Water temperature
regulators help to maintain the engine coolant at the
proper operating temperature. Cooling system prob-
lems can develop without water temperature regula-
tors.
Many engine failures are related to the cooling
system. The following problems are related to cooling
system failures: Overheating, leakage of the water
pump, and plugged radiators or heat exchangers.
These failures can be avoided with correct cooling
system maintenance. Cooling system maintenance is
as important as maintenance of the fuel system and
the lubrication system. Quality of the coolant is as
important as the quality of the fuel and the lubricating
oil.
Coolant is normally composed of three elements:
Water, additives, and glycol.
Water
Waterisusedinthecoolingsysteminorderto
transfer heat.
Distilled water or deionized water is
recommended for use in engine cooling systems.
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