Sel SEL-421 - Page 26

xxviii List of Figures
SEL-421/SEL-421-1 Relay Date Code 20020501
Figure 2.5 Mechanical Operating Time for Circuit Breaker 1 A-Phase. ...........................................A.2.10
Figure 2.6 Electrical Operating Time for Circuit Breaker 1 A-Phase................................................A.2.12
Figure 2.7 Timing Illustration for Pole Scatter at Trip.......................................................................A.2.13
Figure 2.8 Pole Discrepancy Measurement. ......................................................................................A.2.15
Figure 2.9 Breaker Report..................................................................................................................A.2.19
Figure 2.10 Breaker History Report.....................................................................................................A.2.20
Figure 2.11 Circuit Breaker Preload Data............................................................................................A.2.20
Figure 2.12 Typical Station DC Battery System..................................................................................A.2.22
Figure 2.13 Ground Detection Factor Areas........................................................................................A.2.25
Figure 2.14 Battery Metering: Terminal. .............................................................................................A.2.26
Figure 2.15 Complex Power (P/Q) Plane.............................................................................................A.2.31
Figure 2.16 Typical Current Measuring Accuracy...............................................................................A.2.33
Figure 2.17 Thermal Demand Metering. .............................................................................................A.2.36
Figure 2.18 Rolling Demand Metering. ..............................................................................................A.2.38
Figure 2.19 Demand Current Logic Outputs. ......................................................................................A.2.39
Section 3: Analyzing Data
Figure 3.1 SEL-421 Relay Input Processing........................................................................................A.3.2
Figure 3.2 Data Capture/Event Report Times......................................................................................A.3.7
Figure 3.3 Sample SEL-421 Relay Oscillogram..................................................................................A.3.8
Figure 3.4 Sample COMTRADE .HDR Header File...........................................................................A.3.9
Figure 3.5 COMTRADE .CFG Configuration File Data...................................................................A.3.10
Figure 3.6 Analog Section of the Event Report. ................................................................................A.3.15
Figure 3.7 Event Report Current Column Data and RMS Current Magnitude..................................A.3.17
Figure 3.8 Event Report Current Column Data and RMS Current Angle. ........................................A.3.18
Figure 3.9 Digital Section of the Event Report..................................................................................A.3.20
Figure 3.10 Sample Digital Portion of the Event Report.....................................................................A.3.21
Figure 3.11 Summary Section of the Event Report. ............................................................................A.3.22
Figure 3.12 Settings Section of the Event Report................................................................................A.3.23
Figure 3.13 Sample Compressed ASCII Event Report........................................................................A.3.27
Figure 3.14 Sample Event Summary Report. ......................................................................................A.3.28
Figure 3.15 Sample Compressed ASCII Summary..............................................................................A.3.31
Figure 3.16 Sample Event History. ......................................................................................................A.3.31
Figure 3.17 Sample Compressed ASCII History Report. ....................................................................A.3.33
Figure 3.18 Sample SER Report. .........................................................................................................A.3.34
Figure 3.19 Sample Compressed ASCII SER Report..........................................................................A.3.36
Section 4: Time-Synchronized Measurements
Figure 4.1 Very High-Accuracy Timekeeping Connections. ...............................................................A.4.2
Figure 4.2 Selecting Protection Logic 1 Settings in the
ACSELERATOR Software..............................A.4.3
Figure 4.3 Setting PMV64 with the Expression Builder Dialog Box..................................................A.4.4
Figure 4.4 Selecting Trip Logic and ER Trigger Settings in the
ACSELERATOR Software.................A.4.4
Figure 4.5 Uploading Group Settings to the SEL-421 Relay...............................................................A.4.5
Figure 4.6 230 kV Transmission Line System.....................................................................................A.4.6
Figure 4.7 500 kV Three Bus Power System.......................................................................................A.4.7
Figure 4.8 Power Flow Solution. .........................................................................................................A.4.9
Section 5: Substation Automatic Restoration
Figure 5.1 230 kV Tapped Overhead Transmission Line. ...................................................................A.5.2
Figure 5.2 Automatic Restoration Timing Diagram. ...........................................................................A.5.3
Figure 5.3 SEL-421 Relay Inputs. .......................................................................................................A.5.5
Figure 5.4 Protection Free-Form S
ELOGIC Control Equations........................................................... A.5.11
Figure 5.5 Protection Free-Form SEL
OGIC Control Equations..........................................................A.5.13
Figure 5.6 Ladder Logic Representation, Protection Free-Form SEL
OGIC Control Equations.........A.5.15