Display the role of port: Root, Designed, Alternate, Backup and --. “--” 
indicates that the port is not connected or that the STP function of switch 
is disabled. 
Display the status of the port: Forwarding, Learning, Listening, Blocking, 
Discard, and Disable. 
Display  the  rate  and  duplexing  mode  of  the  port.  Where,  “--”indicates 
that the port is not connected or negotiation fails. 
Display whether loop takes place in the downstream device of the port; if 
yes, display “Active”, if not, display “--”. 
8.4 IGSP 
IGSP (Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping, IGMP Snooping) is a multicasting 
constraint mechanism running on the layer-2 device, and it is used to manage and control 
the multicasting groups. 
The layer-2 device running the IGMP Snooping analyzes the received IGMP messages, 
establishes  mapping  relationship  for  the  ports  and  MAC  multicasting  addresses,  and 
forwards multicasting data as per such mapping relationships.   
When the layer-2 device is not running IGMP snooping multicasting data are broadcast on 
layer  2.  After  layer-2  device  runs  IGMP  snooping,  the  multicasting  data  of  known 
multicasting groups will not be broadcast on layer 2, instead the data will be multicast to the 
designated receiver; however, the unknown multicasting data will still be broadcast on layer 
2. 
Primary function of IGMP snooping is to finish dynamic registration of layer-2 multicasting 
on the switch. To implement layer-2 multicasting by enabling IGMP snooping, IGMP shall be 
implemented on both the host and  router, the switch is just to dynamically  maintain  the