6.1.2.3 Heavy fuel oil operation (residual)
The fuel specification “HFO 2” is based on the ISO 8217:2017(E) standard and covers the fuel
categories ISO-F-RMA 10 – RMK 700. Additionally, the engine manufacturer has specified
the fuel specification “HFO 1”. This tighter specification is an alternative and by using a fuel
fulfilling this specification, longer overhaul intervals of specific engine components are
guaranteed (See the Engine Manual of a specific engine type).
HFO is accepted only for back-up fuel system. Use of HFO as pilot fuel is not allowed, but a
fuel quality fulfilling the MDF specification included in section Light fuel oil operation (distillate)
has to be used.
Table 6-3 Heavy fuel oils
Test method reference
Limit
HFO 2
Limit
HFO 1
UnitCharacteristics
-20 ± 420 ± 4
mm
2
/s
b)
Kinematic viscosity before main injection
pumps
d)
ISO 3104700,0700,0
mm
2
/s
b)
Kinematic viscosity at 50 °C, max.
ISO 3675 or ISO 12185
991,0 /
1010,0
a)
991,0 /
1010,0
a)
kg/m
3
Density at 15 °C, max.
ISO 8217
, Annex F
870850-
CCAI, max.
f)
ISO 8754 or ISO 14596
Statutory require-
ments, but max.
4,50 % m/m
% m/m
Sulphur, max.
c, g)
ISO 271960,060,0°C
Flash point, min.
IP 5702,002,00mg/kg
Hydrogen sulfide, max.
ASTM D6642,52,5mg KOH/g
Acid number, max.
ISO 10307-20,100,10% m/m
Total sediment aged, max.
ISO 1037020,0015,00% m/m
Carbon residue, micro method, max.
ASTM D327914,08,0% m/m
Asphaltenes, max.
d)
ISO 30163030°C
Pour point (upper), max.
e)
ISO 3733 or ASTM
D6304-C
d)
0,500,50% V/V
Water, max.
ISO 3733 or ASTM
D6304-C
d)
0,300,30% V/V
Water before engine, max.
d)
ISO 6245 or LP1001
d, i)
0,1500,050% m/m
Ash, max.
IP 501, IP 470 or ISO
14597
450100mg/kg
Vanadium, max.
g)
IP 501 or IP 47010050mg/kg
Sodium, max.
g)
IP 501 or IP 4703030mg/kg
Sodium before engine, max.
d, g)
IP 501, IP 470 or ISO
10478
6030mg/kg
Aluminium + Silicon, max.
IP 501, IP 470 or ISO
10478
1515mg/kg
Aluminium + Silicon before engine, max.
d)
6-6 DBAE248994
Wärtsilä 31DF Product Guide6. Fuel Oil System
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