3 Basic Principles of Separation
3.1 Introduction
The purpose of separation can be:
• to free a liquid of solid particles,
• to separate two mutually insoluble liquids with
different densities while removing any solids
presents at the same time,
• to separate and concentrate solid particles from
a liquid.
3.2 Separation by gravity
A liquid mixture in a stationary bowl will clear
slowly as the heavy particles in the liquid mixture
sink to the bottom under the influence of gravity.
A lighter liquid rises while a heavier liquid and
solids sink.
G0870111
Continuous separation and sedimentation can
be achieved in a settling tank having inlet and
outlet arranged according to the illustration.
Heavier particles in the liq
uid mixture will settle
and form a sediment layer
on the tank bottom.
A
B
C
D
G0870221
A. Lighter liquid
B. Heavier liquid
C. Gravity
D. Sediment layer of heavier particles
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