Alstom MiCOM P545 - Page 177

Operation P54x/EN OP/La4
MiCOM P543, P544, P545 & P546 (OP) 5-3
OP
1.23.10 Aided DEF ground fault scheme - permissive overreach (Distance option only) 70
1.23.11 Aided DEF ground fault scheme – blocking (Distance option only) 71
1.23.12 Delta scheme POR - permissive overreach transfer trip (Distance option only) 72
1.23.13 Delta blocking scheme (Distance option only) 73
1.24 Zone 1 extension and loss of load schemes (Distance option only) 74
1.24.1 Zone 1 extension scheme (Distance option only) 75
1.24.2 Loss of load accelerated tripping (LoL) (Distance option only) 76
1.25 Phase fault overcurrent protection 78
1.25.1 Reset characteristics for overcurrent elements 79
1.25.2 Directional overcurrent protection 80
1.26 Synchronous polarization 81
1.27 Thermal overload protection 81
1.27.1 Single time constant characteristic 82
1.27.2 Dual time constant characteristic (typically not applied for MiCOM P54x) 82
1.28 Earth fault (ground overcurrent) and sensitive earth fault (SEF) protection 83
1.28.1 IDG curve 84
1.29 Directional earth fault protection 85
1.30 Residual voltage polarization 85
1.30.1 Negative sequence polarization (Not for SEF) 86
1.31 Negative sequence overcurrent protection (NPS) 87
1.31.1 Directionalizing the negative phase sequence overcurrent element 89
1.32 Undervoltage protection 89
1.33 Overvoltage protection 90
1.33.1 Compensated overvoltage 91
1.34 Residual overvoltage (neutral displacement) protection 93
1.35 Circuit breaker fail protection (CBF) 93
1.35.1 Reset mechanisms for breaker fail timers 94
1.36 Broken conductor detection 97
1.37 Frequency protection 98
1.38 Independent rate of change of frequency protection [81R] 100
1.38.1 Basic functionality 100
1.39 Special weak infeed logic for stub end transformer terminals 101
2. COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN RELAYS 103
2.1 Communications link options 103
2.1.1 Direct optical fiber link, 850 nm multi-mode fiber 103
2.1.2 Direct optical fiber link, 1300 nm multi-mode fiber 103
2.1.3 Direct optical fiber link, 1300 nm single-mode fiber 103
2.1.4 Direct optical fiber link, 1550 nm single-mode fiber 104
2.1.5 IEEE C37.94 interface to multiplexer 104
2.1.6 Switched communication networks 104
2.1.7 Switched communication networks with permanent or semi-permanent split routings 107