GE D30

9-6 D30 LINE DISTANCE PROTECTION SYSTEM – INSTRUCTION MANUAL
DISTANCE ELEMENTS CHAPTER 9: THEORY OF OPERATION
9
• A ground element — I_0 × Z
D
and –V_0
• B ground element — I_0 × Z
D
and –V_0
• C ground element — I_0 × Z
D
and –V_0
The limit angle of the comparator is not adjustable and equals 90°. The zero-sequence directional characteristic improves
directional integrity for time-delayed operations after the memory expires.
9.1.3.12 Overcurrent supervision
The overcurrent supervision responds to the following currents:
• AB phase element — (I
A
– I
B
) /
• BC phase element — (I
B
– I
C
) /
• CA phase element — (I
C
– I
A
) /
• A, B, C ground element — | 3 × I_0 – 0.05 × I_1 |
The following tables summarize the characteristics of the distance elements.
Table 9-1: Directional mho phase distance functions
Table 9-2: Directional mho ground distance functions
Table 9-3: Directional quadrilateral phase distance functions
Table 9-4: Directional quadrilateral ground distance functions
Characteristic Comparator inputs Limit angle
Variable mho I × Z – V V_1M COMP LIMIT
Reactance I × Z – V I × ZCOMP LIMIT
Directional I × ZD V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Fault type NOT SLG See the Fault Type Characteristic section Removed during open pole conditions
Characteristic Comparator inputs Limit angle
Variable mho I × Z – V V_1M COMP LIMIT
Reactance I × Z – V I_0 × ZCOMP LIMIT
Directional I_0 × Z
D
V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Directional I_2 × Z
D
V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Fault-type I_0 I_2 50°
Zero-sequence I_0 × Z
D
–V_0 90°
Characteristic Comparator inputs Limit angle
Reactance I × Z – V I × ZCOMP LIMIT
Directional I × Z
D
V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Right Blinder I × Z
R
– V I × Z
R
90°
Left Blinder I × Z
L
– V I × Z
L
90°
Fault type NOT SLG See the Fault Type Characteristic section Removed during open pole conditions
Characteristic Comparator inputs Limit angle
Reactance I × Z – V j × I_0 × e
jΘ
or j × I_2
× e
jΘ
COMP LIMIT
Directional I_0 × Z
D
V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Directional I_2 × Z
D
V_1M DIR COMP LIMIT
Right Blinder I × Z
R
– V I × Z
R
90°
Left Blinder I × Z
L
– V I × Z
L
90°
Fault-type I_0 I_2 50°
Zero-sequence I_0 × Z
D
–V_0 90°