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- vacuum parts of the machine or workpiece
• Risk of crushing
• Risk of shearing
• Risk of cutting
• Risk of winding
• Ejection of part (of machinery and processed material/workpiece)
• Loss of stability (of machinery and machine part)
• Risk of slipping, tripping and falling near the machine (due to their mechanical nature)
Electrical risks caused, for example, by:
• Touch (direct or indirect)
• External impacts of electrical equipment
Thermal risks resulting in:
• burns and scalding due to possible contact of persons, flames or explosions and due to
radiation from heat sources
Risks caused by noise resulting in:
• hearing loss (deafness), other physiological disorders (e.g., loss of balance, loss of
consciousness)
• interference of speech transmission, sound signals, etc.
Risks caused by vibration (resulting in neurological and vascular disorders)
Risks caused by materials and substances processed, used or removed by machinery, e.g.:
• risks caused by contact or inhalation of harmful liquids, gases, mists, smoke and dust
• risks caused by fire or explosion
Risks due to negligence of ergonomic principles in machinery design (unsuitable
adaptation to human characteristics and abilities), e.g.:
• unhealthy posture or excessive overload
• disproportionate to the anatomy of a person's hands or feet
• by neglecting the use of personal protective equipment
• human error.
Risks due to power outage, machine part breakage or other malfunctions, e.g.:
• failure, malfunction of control system (self-starting, unexpected overspeed)
• clamping errors
• overturning, unexpected loss of stability
Risks due to (temporarily) missing and/or incorrectly placed guards/protective devices,
e.g.:
• all types of guards
• all types of appropriate (protective) devices
• start and stop devices
• safety signs and signals
• any kind of information or warning device
• basic equipment and accessories for safe adjustment and/or maintenance
Risks due to sudden movement, instability, etc.
Inappropriate/non-ergonomic design of control/driver position
• risks due to hazardous surroundings (contact of moving parts, exhaust gases, etc.)
• improper/non-ergonomic design/layout of controls
• starting/moving the machine
• movement of pedestrian-controlled machines
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