6-4 Technical Data
Most modern studio audio devices have a clipping level of no less than +21dBu and often +24dBu or more. The
studio standardizes on a maximum program indication on the meter that is lower than the clipping level, so peaks
that the meter does not indicate will not be clipped. Line-up level is usually at this same maximum meter
indication. In facilities that use VU meters, this level is usually at 0VU, which corresponds to the studio standard
level, typically +4 or +8dBu.
For facilities using +4dBu standard level, instantaneous peaks can reach +18dBu or higher (particularly if the
operator overdrives the console or desk). Older facilities with +8dBu standard level and equipment that clips at +18
or +21dBu will experience noticeable clipping on some program material. In facilities that use the BBC-standard
PPM, maximum program level is usually PPM4 for music, PPM6 for speech. Line-up level is usually PPM4, which
corresponds to +4dBu. Instantaneous peaks will reach +17dBu or more on voice. In facilities that use PPMs that
indicate level directly in dBu, maximum program and line-up level is often +6dBu. Instantaneous peaks will reach
+11dBu or more.
)LJXUH6WXGLR/LQH-XS/HYHOVDQG+HDGURRP
To Next Page
Loading...
Need help?
General
