3-14 Operation
When saving presets, do not use the term “Modified”. “Mod” or “modified” is OK. Attempting to save it as
“Modified” (with the letter M capitalized) is not allowed.
About the Processing Structures
If you want to create your own User Presets, the following detailed discussion of the processing structures is
important to understand. If you only use Factory Presets or if you only modify them with LESS-MORE, then you
may still find the material interesting, but it is not necessary to understand it to get excellent sound from the 5950
In the 5950, a processing structure is a program that operates as a complete audio processing system. Only one
processing structure can be on-air at a time. Just as there are many possible ways of configuring a processing
system using analog components (like equalizers, compressors, limiters, and clippers), 5950’s DSP hardware can
realize several possible processing structures. Unlike an analog system, where creating a complete processing
system involves physically wiring its various components together, the 5950 realizes its processing structures as a
series of high-speed mathematical computations made by Digital Signal Processing (DSP) integrated circuit chips. In
the 5950, both structures operate simultaneously so there is no delay in switching between them, which is done
with a smooth cross-fade.
There are three basic structures: Two-Band, Five-Band, and Ultra-Low latency Five-Band. To select a structure,
choose a factory preset having the desired structure, and, if you wish, edit it to create a user preset.
Two-Band is a versatile structure that can be configured to provide purist, phaselinear processing. When correctly
configured it can be used for protection limiting and we provide two presets that use it for this. It is also used for
the CLASSICAL-2 BAND presets.
Five-Band is the basic structure used for popular music in its many variations. Because it provides effective
automatic re-equalization of program material, it is also used for news, talk, and sports.
The stereo enhancer, AGC, equalizer, and “back end” clippers are common to both Two-Band and Five-Band
processing and therefore stay the same when the 5950 switches between two-band and five-band operation.
However, different controls appear in the screens containing dynamics processing controls, as appropriate for
Two-Band or Five-Band multiband compression. The meters also change functionality to display the Two-Band or
Five-Band gain reduction.
Ultra-Low-Latency Five-Band reduces the input-to-output delay of the processor to about 3.7 ms at the cost of a
less favorable tradeoff between loudness, brightness, and distortion than the other presets. It is comparable in
performance to OPTIMODFM 8200 version 3.0 except that the clippers run at 256 kHz sample rate and are
antialiased, and it offers the same stereo enhancement, equalization section, advanced technology AGC,
composite limiter, and multiplex power controller as the other 5950 structures.
The only way to create an ultra-low latency user preset is to start with a “UL” factory preset and then edit that
preset. “UL” user presets cannot be directly converted to low latency or optimum latency presets because the
preset customization controls are different—UL presets have fewer available controls because of the difference in
processing structure.
Unused structures operate constantly in the background, so switching between structures occurs with a seamless
cross-fade. Unlike older Orban processors like the 8200, no DSP code is reloaded and no audio mute is necessary.
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