28 SEBU8191-01
Maintenance Section
Refill Capacities
Table 8
API Classifications
Current Obsolete
CH-4, , CI-4 CE, CC, CD
-
CD-2
(1)
(1)
The oil CD-2
is for a two-cycle diesel eng ine. Perkins does not
sell engine
s that utilize CD-2 o il.
Terminology
Certain abbreviations follow the nomenclature of
“SAE J754”. Some classifications follow “SAE J183”
abbreviat
ions, and some classifications follow the
“EMA Recommended Guideline on Diesel Engine
Oil”. In addition to Perkins definitions, there are other
definitio
ns that will be of assistance in purchasing
lubricants. Recommended oil viscosities can be found
in this publication, “Fluid Recommendations/Engine
Oil” topi
c (Maintenance Section).
Engine O
il
Commercial Oils
The performance of commercial diesel engine
oils is based on American Petroleum Institute
(API) c
lassifications. These API classifi cations are
developed in order to provide commercial lubricants
for a broad range of diesel engines that operate at
variou
s conditions.
Only use commercial oils that meet the following
class
ifications:
•
API CG-4
•
API CH-4
•
API C
I-4
In order to make the correct choice of a commercial
oil
, refer to the following explanations:
EMA DHD-1 – The Engine Manufacturers
Ass
ociation (EMA) has developed lubricant
recommendations as an alternative to the API oil
classification system. DHD-1 is a Recommended
Gu
ideline that defines a level of oil performance for
these types of diesel engines: high speed, four stroke
cycle, heavy-duty, and light duty. DHD-1 oils may
be
used in Perkins engines when the following oils
are recommended: API CH-4, API CG-4, and API
CF-4. DHD-1 oils are intended to provide superior
pe
rformance in comparison to API CG-4 and API
CF-4.
DHD-1 oils will
meet the needs of high performance
Perkins diesel engines that are operating in many
applications. The tests and the test limits that are
used to define D
HD-1 are similar to the new API
CH-4 classification. Therefore, these oils will also
meet the requirements for diesel engines that require
low emission
s. DHD-1 oils are designed to control the
harmful effects of soot with improved wear resistance
and improved resistance to plugging of the oil filter.
These oils w
ill also provide superior piston deposit
control for engines with either two-piece steel pistons
or aluminum pistons.
All DHD-1 oils must complete a full test program
with the base stock and with the viscosity grade of
the finishe
dcommercialoil.Theuseof“APIBase
Oil Interchange Guidelines” are not appropriate for
DHD-1 oils. This feature reduces the variation in
performan
ce that can occur when base stocks are
changed in commercial oil formulations.
DHD-1 oil
s are recommended for use in extended oil
change interval programs that optimize the life of the
oil. These oil change interval programs are based
on oil ana
lysis. DHD-1 oils are recommended for
conditions that demand a premium oil. Your Perkins
dealer or your Perkins distributor has the specific
guideli
nes for optimizing oil change intervals.
API CH-4 – API CH-4 oils were developed in order to
meet the
requirements of the new high performance
diesel engines. Also, the oil was designed to
meet the requirements of the low emissions diesel
engine
s. API CH-4 oils are also acceptable for use
in older diesel engines and in diesel engines that
use high sulfur diesel fuel. API CH-4 oils may be
used i
n Perkins engines that use API CG-4 and API
CF-4 oils. API CH-4 oils will generally exceed the
performance of API CG-4 oils in the following criteria:
depos
its on pistons, control of oil consumption, wear
of piston rings, valve train wear, viscosity control,
and corrosion.
Three new engine tests were developed for the API
CH-4 oil. The first test specifically evaluates deposits
on pi
stons for engines with the two-piece steel piston.
This test (piston deposit) also measures the control
of oil consumption. A second test is conducted
wit
h moderate oil soot. The second test measures
the following criteria: wear of piston rings, wear of
cylinder liners, and resistance to corrosion. A third
new
test measures the following characteristics with
high levels of soot in the oil: wear of the valve train,
resistance of the oil in plugging the oil filter, and
co
ntrol of sludge.
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