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11801C
Tektronix 11801C User Manual
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Example 11:
T
aking
TDR
Measurements
Operating
Basics
2Ć92
Figure
2Ć54:ăThe
Sampling
Head
Fnc's
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opĆUp
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145
147
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
9
About this Manual
7
Related Documentation
7
Notes on Previous Products
7
Contacting Tektronix
8
Table of Contents
9
List of Figures
17
List of Tables
23
Safety Summary
25
Getting Started
28
Description of Sampling
29
Electrical Connections
29
Figure 1 1: Front Panel Connectors
31
Figure 1 2: Rear Panel Power Connectors and Switches
32
Figure 1 3: Rear Panel Printer and Data Connectors
32
Installation
33
Operating Environment
34
At a Glance
35
Front Panel and Sampling Heads
35
Rear Panel
36
Display and Touch Panel
37
Icons
38
Knobs, Knob Menu, and Keypad Menu
39
Major Menu Buttons
40
Waveform Major Menu
42
Trigger Major Menu
45
Measure Major Menu
46
Display Modes Major Menu
47
Store/Recall Major Menu
48
Utility1 Major Menu
50
Enhanced Accuracy Major Menu
52
Utility2 Major Menu
54
Overview
55
Example 1: Displaying a Trace
57
Major Menu Buttons
57
Figure 2 1: Utility1 Major Menu
58
Figure 2 2: Initialize Selector in Utility1 Major Menu
59
Menu Selectors
59
The Touch Panel
59
Connecting Cables
60
Figure 2 3: Cable from the CALIBRATOR Output to a Sampling
60
Figure 2 4: Sampling Head Control Panel (SD 24 Shown)
61
Figure 2 5: the Trigger Major Menu and Source Pop up Menu
62
Pop up Menus
62
Autoset
63
Figure 2 6: AUTOSET Button Location
63
Autoset Options
64
Figure 2 7: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
64
Figure 2 8: the Calibrator Signal after Pressing AUTOSET in
65
Figure 2 9: the Knobs and the Knob Menu
66
The Knobs
66
Icons
67
Figure 2 10: Icons
68
Keypad Pop up Menu and Knob Resolution
69
Figure 2 11: the Knob Menu and Keypad Pop up Menu
70
Major Menu Knob Assignments
71
Figure 2 12: Connections for Example 2
73
Example 2: Managing Multiple Traces
74
Figure 2 13: the Acquired Calibrator Signal
74
Adding Another Trace
75
Figure 2 14: Graticule with Two Traces
75
Figure 2 15: the Waveform Major Menu with the Knob Menu
76
Selecting Traces by Touch
76
Figure 2 16: the Trace Status Menu
77
Selecting Traces Using the Trace Status Menu
77
Labeling Traces
78
Figure 2 17: the Labeling Pop up Menu
79
Displaying Dual Graticules
80
Figure 2 18: the Graticules Pop up Menu
80
Figure 2 19: a Dual Graticule Display
81
Removing Traces
82
Figure 2 20: Connections for Example 3
83
Example 3: Defining Complex Traces
84
Trace Expressions
85
Figure 2 21: the Deftra Pop up Menu
86
Vertical Adjustment of Complex Traces
87
Figure 2 22: Complex Trace Aberration Caused by off Graticule
88
Figure 2 23: the Chan Sel Selector in the Knob Menu
88
High Precision Traces
90
Figure 2 24: a Window Trace Display
91
Windows
91
Figure 2 25: the Chan Sel Selector in the Knob Menu
92
Horizontal Reference Point
93
Figure 2 26: Connections for Example 4
95
Example 4: Using Signal Processing
96
Figure 2 27: a Horizontally and Vertically Expanded Portion of the Calibrator Signal
96
Averaging and Enveloping
97
Figure 2 28: the Acquire Desc Pop up Menu
98
Figure 2 29: Averaged and Normal Traces
98
Figure 2 30: the Persist/Histograms Pop up Menu
100
Variable Persistence
100
Smoothing
102
Figure 2 31: the Sampling Head Fnc's Pop up Menu
103
Record Length
103
Figure 2 32: Connections for Example 5
105
Example 5: Taking Automated Measurements
106
Figure 2 33: the Measure Major Menu
107
Specifying Measurements
107
Figure 2 34: the Measurements Pop up Menu
108
Figure 2 35: Measurements of a Trace
109
Measurement Parameters and Annotations
110
Figure 2 36: the RMS Pop up Menu and Annotation Lines
111
Default Measurement Parameters
112
Figure 2 37: the Default Parameters Pop up Menu
113
Measurement Modes
114
Table 2 1: Measurement Mode Comparison
115
Figure 2 38: the Hardware Measurements Pop up Menu
116
Figure 2 39: a Jitter Measurement on the Calibrator Signal
117
Figure 2 40: Connections for Example 6
119
Example 6: Taking Delay Measurements Using Cursors
120
The Cursors Major Menu
120
Figure 2 41: the Cursors Major Menu and Cursor Type Pop up Menu
121
Figure 2 42: Horizontal Bar Cursors Placed over a Trace
122
Figure 2 43: the Cursor Type Pop up Menu in Split Dots Mode
123
Using Split Dot Cursors
123
Cursor Accuracy Considerations
125
Figure 2 44: Connections for Example 7
127
Example 7: Taking Comparison Measurements Using a Reference Trace
128
Figure 2 45: the Graticules Pop up Menu
128
Setting X Axis Units to Meters, Feet, or Inches
128
Figure 2 46: the Compare & References Pop up Menu
130
Using the Reference Value
130
Example 8: Using Saved Trace Descriptions
134
Figure 2 47: Connections for Example 8
134
Figure 2 48: the Save Trace Desc Pop up Menu
135
Example 9: Comparing Traces to Stored Traces
138
Example 10: Creating a Histogram Display
142
Example 11: Taking TDR Measurements
145
Figure 2 54: the Sampling Head Fnc's Pop up Menu
146
Figure 2 55: TDR Step and Reflection
147
Changing Graticule Units for TDR
148
Measuring Distance with TDR
149
Acquisition
151
Figure 3 1: Acquisition of a Trace
151
How Traces Are Acquired
151
Determining the Sample Interval
152
Controlling Acquisition
153
Figure 3 2: Front Panel Acquisition Lights
153
Figure 3 3: the Acquire Desc Pop up Menu
154
Clearing Traces
155
Figure 3 4: the Clear Trace Pop up Menu
155
Audio Feedback
157
Figure 3 5: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
157
Autoset
159
Figure 3 6: Front Panel Autoset Button
159
Autoset Options
160
Figure 3 7: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
160
Undoing an Autoset
160
Averaging and Enveloping
163
Defining an Averaged or Enveloped Trace
164
Figure 3 8: the Acquire Desc Pop up Menu
165
Record Count
165
Terminating Averaging or Enveloping
165
Limiting Acquisition
166
Side Effects of Averaging and Enveloping
166
Baseline Correction
167
Example
167
Calibrator
169
Figure 3 9: Location of the CALIBRATOR and INTERNAL CLOCK Outputs
169
Color Display
171
Color Selection
171
Figure 3 10: the Color Pop up Menu
172
Restoring Colors
172
Reassigning Trace Colors
173
Setting the Display Intensity
173
Constellation Diagrams
175
Displaying a Constellation Diagram
175
Figure 3 11: Adjusting the Main Position
176
Figure 3 12: How the Expanded Waveforms Should Appear
177
Figure 3 13: the Display after Selecting the XY Display Mode
178
Cursors
179
Cursor Operation
180
Figure 3 14: the Cursors Major Menu and Cursor Type Pop up
180
Figure 3 15: the Set Zero Pop up Menu
181
Cursor Examples
183
Diagnostics
185
Power on Diagnostics
186
Self Test Diagnostics
187
Extended Diagnostics
188
Figure 3 17: the Extended Diagnostic Pop up Menu in the
188
Figure 3 18: the Top Portion of the Extended Diagnostics Menu
188
Display Intensity
191
Figure 3 19: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
191
Display Persistence
193
Figure 3 20: the Persist/Histograms Pop up Menu
193
Setting the Persistence Mode
194
Table 3 1: a Sample Assignment of Colors to Hit Density
195
Figure 3 21: the Color Grad Scale Pop up Menu
196
Enhanced Accuracy
199
Figure 3 22: the Enhanced Accuracy Major Menu
199
Control of Automated Calibration
200
Table 3 2: Time Base Cal Mode Comparison
200
Table 3 3: Delay Compensate Comparison
200
Calibration Assistance
201
Figure 3 23: the Calibrate All Pop up Menu
201
Sampling Head Calibrations
203
Figure 3 24: a Typical Calibration Pop up Menu
205
Figure 3 25: Loop Gain Calibration (in Vectored Trace Mode)
207
Offset for Sampling Probes
210
Displaying an Eye Diagram
211
Eye Diagrams
211
Figure 3 26: an Eye Diagram Display
212
Fast Fourier Transforms
215
Defining an FFT Trace
216
Figure 3 27: the Deftra Pop up Menu
216
Figure 3 28: Location of the Fftmag Icon on the Display
217
Amplitude Resolution
218
Figure 3 29: Equations for Frequency Interval and Frequency
218
Frequency Range and Resolution
218
Changing Horizontal and Vertical Size
219
FFT Scaling
220
Figure 3 30: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
220
Aliasing
221
Figure 3 31: Paired Dots Cursors on an FFT Magnitude Display
222
Using Cursors to Make Measurements
222
Figure 3 32: Using Split Dots Cursors to Measure FFT Phase
223
FFT Windowing Functions
224
Figure 3 33: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Rectangular Window
225
Figure 3 34: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Triangular Window
225
Figure 3 35: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Blackman Window
226
Figure 3 36: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Blackman Harris
227
Figure 3 37: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Hanning Window
227
Figure 3 38: FFT Magnitude Displayed Using Hamming Window
228
Figure 3 39: GPIB Rear Panel Connector and Lights
229
GPIB Connection
229
GPIB Parameters
229
Figure 3 40: the GPIB/RS232C Pop up Menu
230
Setting GPIB Parameters
230
Figure 3 41: Graticule with Trace
233
Graticules
233
Figure 3 42: Dual Graticules with Multiple Traces
234
Figure 3 43: the Graticules Pop up Menu
235
Managing Graticules and Traces
236
Changing Axis Units
237
Figure 3 44: Printer Connectors on Rear Panel
239
Hardcopy
239
Installing the Printer
239
Figure 3 45: the Hardcopy Pop up Menu
240
Hardcopy Parameters
240
Table 3 4: Repetition Encodings
243
Figure 3 46: Front Panel Hardcopy Button
244
Making a Hardcopy
244
Hardcopy Defaults
245
Table 3 5: Hardcopy Defaults
245
Terminating a Hardcopy in Progress
245
Figure 3 47: a Histogram Displayed on an Eye Diagram
247
Histograms
247
Figure 3 48: the Persist/Histograms Pop up Menu
248
Displaying a Histogram
249
Histogram Controls
250
Figure 3 49: Using Stop N Wfms
252
Figure 3 50: Histogram Readout Appears below the Trace Display
254
The Histogram Readout
254
Figure 3 51: Horizontal Controls
255
Horizontal Controls
255
Setting Horizontal Size and Position
256
Pan/Zoom
257
Figure 3 52: Horizontal Magnification with Pan/Zoom
258
Changing the Horizontal Reference Point
259
Figure 3 53: the Horizontal Desc Pop up Menu
260
Figure 3 54: the Initialize Verification Pop up Menu
261
Initialization
261
Initializing and Erasing Nonvolatile RAM
262
Figure 3 55: Labels Displayed with Active Traces
263
Labeling
263
Creating Labels
264
Figure 3 56: the Labeling Pop up Menu
265
Displaying Labels with Traces
266
Figure 3 57: Mask Testing on an Eye Diagram
267
Mask Testing
267
Figure 3 58: the Standard Masks Pop up Menu
269
Using Predefined Telecommunication Masks
269
Figure 3 59: Page 2 of the SONET/SDH Optical Standards
270
Figure 3 60: Pages 2 and 3 of the ITU T Electrical Standards
270
Creating Masks
272
Figure 3 61: the Mask Testing Pop up Menu
272
Figure 3 62: Editing a Mask
273
Figure 3 63: Creating a User Mask
274
Figure 3 64: How Points Are Connected in a User Mask
275
Starting Mask Testing
278
Figure 3 65: Mask Count Readout
279
Figure 3 66: Using Stop N Wfms
280
Standard Mask Definitions and Requirements
281
Table 3 6: ITU T Electrical Standards Masks
281
Table 3 7: SONET/SDH Optical Standards Masks
282
Table 3 8: Fibre Channel Standards Masks
282
Table 3 10: Miscellaneous Standards Masks
283
Table 3 9: ANSI T1.102 Electrical Standard Masks
283
Measurements
285
Figure 3 67: Measure Major Menu
288
Setting up Measurements
288
Figure 3 68: Measurements Pop up Menu with Frequency and RMS Selected
289
Deleting Measurements
290
Topline/Baseline Calculation
290
Measurement Mode
291
Table 3 12: Measurement Mode Comparison
293
Comparing Measurements to References
295
Figure 3 69: Compare & References Pop up Menu
296
Changing Measurement Parameters
297
Figure 3 70: a Typical Individual Measurement Pop up Menu
298
Table 3 13: Measurement Parameters
299
Figure 3 71: Statistics in an Individual Measurement Pop up Menu
304
Measurement Statistics
304
Changing Default Parameters
305
Figure 3 72: Measurements Pop up Menu with Software Defaults
306
Figure 3 73: Power Connector, Fuse, and Switches
307
Figure 3 74: Front Panel ON/STANDBY Switch
307
Installation
307
Power on
307
Power on Sequence
309
Warm up Period
309
Figure 3 75: Traces with Record Lengths of 512 (Top) and
311
Record Length
311
Figure 3 76: the Horizontal Desc Pop up Menu
312
Figure 3 77: Location of RS 232 C Connector
313
RS 232 C Connection
313
RS 232 C Parameters
313
Figure 3 78: the GPIB/RS232C Pop up Menu
314
Setting RS 232 C Parameters
314
Figure 3 79: Location of Sampling Head Compartments
317
Sampling Heads
317
Figure 3 80: Sampling Head Control Panel (SD 24 Shown)
318
Installing Sampling Heads
318
Sampling Head Front Panel
318
Controlling TDR and Smoothing Functions
320
Figure 3 81: the Sampling Head Fnc's Pop up Menu
321
Saved Trace Descriptions
323
Figure 3 82: the Save Trace Desc Pop up Menu
324
Recalling a Saved Trace Description
325
Saving a Trace Description
325
Deleting a Saved Trace Description
326
Deleting All Saved Trace Descriptions
326
Saving All Displayed Traces as Saved Trace Descriptions
326
Stored Settings
327
Figure 3 83: the Store Setting Pop up Menu
328
Storing Settings
328
Figure 3 84: the Recall Setting Pop up Menu
329
Recalling Stored Settings
329
Deleting Stored Settings
330
Figure 3 85: the Delete Setting Pop up Menu
330
Figure 3 86: Front Panel SEQUENCE SETTING Button
331
Sequencing through Stored Settings
331
Stored Traces
333
Figure 3 87: the Store Trace Pop up Menu
334
Storing Traces
334
Figure 3 88: the Recall Trace Pop up Menu
335
Recalling Stored Traces
335
Deleting Stored Traces
336
Figure 3 89: the Delete Trace Pop up Menu
336
Displaying Time and Date with Stored Traces
337
Figure 3 90: the Identify Pop up Menu
339
System Identification
339
Figure 3 91: Step Generator Simplified Schematic Diagram
341
Tdr
341
TDR Step Generation
341
Figure 3 92: Step Generator with a Shorted Output
342
Figure 3 93: Step Generation with a 50 W Load
342
Figure 3 94: Step Generation with a 50 W Load
343
Example: Taking TDR Measurements
344
Figure 3 95: Connections for Example
344
Figure 3 96: TDR Step and Reflection
345
Figure 3 97: the Graticules Pop up Menu
346
Example: Differential and Common Mode TDR
348
Figure 3 98: Single Channel TDR
349
Figure 3 99: Channels 1 and 2 TDR
350
Figure 3 100: Ensuring Pulses Arrive at the Reference Plane at the same Time
352
More about TDR Measurements
352
Figure 3 101: the Instrument Options Pop up Menu
353
Time and Date
353
Displaying Time and Date with Stored Traces
354
Trace Definition and Management
355
Defining New Traces
356
Figure 3 102: the Deftra Pop up Menu
357
Table 3 14: Trace Functions
358
Trace Numbers
359
Selecting Traces
360
Figure 3 103: the Trace Status Menu
361
Modifying Traces
361
Removing Traces
362
Trace Scaling
364
Triggering
365
Vectored Traces
369
Vertical Controls
371
Setting Vertical Size and Offset
372
Windows
375
Changing Window Size and Position
376
Positioning Window Traces Automatically
377
XY Traces
381
Appendix A: Accessories
385
Optional Accessories
385
Standard Accessories
385
Power Cord Options
386
Appendix B: Specifications
387
Table B 1: 11801C Vertical System Specifications
387
Table B 2: 11801C Time Base Specifications
388
Table B 3: 11801C Input and Output Specifications
389
Table B 4: 11801C Trigger Specifications
390
Table B 5: 11801C Display Specifications
391
Table B 6: 11801C AC Line Power Specifications
392
Table B 7: 11801C Environmental Specifications
392
Table B 8: 11801C Certifications and Compliances
393
Appendix C: User Service
395
Cleaning the Instrument
395
Packaging for Shipment
396
Table D 1: Filter Characteristics of FFT Windowing Functions
401
Table D 2: Values of Icoeff for FFT Windowing Functions
412
Table D 3: Values of Wcoeff and M for FFT Windowing Functions
418
Menu
430
Window
434
4
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Tektronix 11801C Specifications
General
Brand
Tektronix
Model
11801C
Category
Test Equipment
Language
English
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