PARSTAT 4000 Hardware Manual 
 
 
PARSTAT 4000 Hardware Manual       7 
 
-
+
WORKING
I OUT
I OUT
I/E CONVERTER
CURRENT RANGES (EXAMPLE)
2 mA
200 uA
20 uA
2 uA
200 nA
20 nA
E IN
E IN
-
+
POWER AMP
Cell Switch
COUNTER
SINGLE ENDED
-
+
REFERENCE
SENSE
E OUT
E OUT
DIFFERENTIAL
ELECTROMETER
 
Figure 2.  Potentiostat-Mode Block Diagram 
 
1.2.2. Galvanostatic mode 
 
In galvanostatic operation, the PARSTAT 4000 controls the current between the counter 
and working electrodes at the specified fraction of the selected current range (up to the 
maximum of the current range; see Figure 2). The counter electrode is driven to the 
potential  required  (consistent with  the  +  48  V  compliance  of  the  control  amplifier)  to 
establish the desired cell current.  The reference electrode is not used in the control loop, 
but is usually used to measure the potential at some point in the electrochemical cell 
relative to the working-sense connection point.