HP 15c Collector's Edition User Manual

188 Section 13: Finding the Roots of an Equation
The final case points out a potential deficiency in the subroutine rather
than a limitation of the root-finding routine. Improper operations may
sometimes be avoided by specifying initial estimates that focus the
search in a region where such an outcome will not occur. However, the
_ routine is very aggressive and may sample the function over a
wide range. It is a good practice to have your subroutine test or adjust
potentially improper arguments prior to performing an operation (for
instance, use a prior to ¤). Rescaling variables to avoid large
numbers can also be helpful.
The success of the _ routine in locating a root depends primarily
upon the nature of the function it is analyzing and the initial estimates at
which it begins searching. The mere existence of a root does not ensure
that the casual use of the _ key will find it. If the function f (x) has
a nonzero horizontal asymptote or a local minimum of its magnitude, the
routine can be expected to find a root of f (x) = 0 only if the initial
estimates do not concentrate the search in one of these unproductive
regions—and, of course, if a root actually exists.
Choosing Initial Estimates
When you use _ to find the root of an equation, the two initial
estimates that you provide determine the values of the variable x at which
the routine begins its search. In general, the likelihood that you will find
the particular root you are seeking increases with the level of
understanding that you have about the function you are analyzing.
Realistic, intelligent estimates greatly facilitate the determination of
a root.
The initial estimates that you use may be chosen in a number of ways:
If the variable x has a limited range in which it is conceptually meaningful
as a solution, it is reasonable to choose initial estimates within this range.
Frequently an equation that is applicable to a real problem has, in addition
to the desired solution, other roots that are physically meaningless.
These usually occur because the equation being analyzed is appropriate
only between certain limits of the variable. You should recognize this
restriction and interpret the results accordingly.

HP 15c Collector's Edition Specifications

General

Model	HP 15c Collector's Edition
Category	Calculator
Type	Scientific
Power Source	Battery
Manufacturer	HP
Display	LCD
Functions	complex numbers, matrix operations

Summary

Introduction

This Handbook

Outlines the structure of the manual, detailing its parts and how to use it for learning.

The HP Community

Discusses user groups and websites for HP calculator enthusiasts and information sharing.

Part I: HP 15c Fundamentals

Section 1: Getting Started

Covers basic operations like powering on, keyboard layout, and primary/alternate functions.

Section 2: Numeric Functions

Explains essential numeric operations including logs, trig, powers, and conversions.

Section 3: The Automatic Memory Stack, LAST X, and Data Storage

Details the RPN stack, LAST X register, and data storage operations.

Part II: HP 15c Programming

Section 6: Programming Basics

Introduces core programming concepts: creating, loading, running programs, and memory.

Section 8: Program Branching and Controls

Covers controlling program flow using branching, loops, and conditional tests.

Part III: HP 15c Advanced Functions

Section 11: Calculating With Complex Numbers

Covers entering, manipulating, and performing calculations with complex numbers.

Section 12: Calculating With Matrices

Explains matrix operations, including dimensioning, element access, and calculations.

Section 13: Finding the Roots of an Equation

Details using the SOLVE function for numerical root finding and equation solving.

Section 14: Numerical Integration

Explains how to perform numerical integration using the ∫f(x)dx key and subroutines.

Appendix A: Error Conditions

Error 8: No Root

Explains the error when the SOLVE function cannot find a root.

Error 0: Improper Mathematics Operation

Lists and explains errors related to mathematical operations and illegal arguments.

Appendix D: A Detailed Look at SOLVE

How SOLVE Works

Explains the numerical technique and logic behind the SOLVE algorithm.

Finding Several Roots

Discusses methods for finding multiple roots of an equation using the SOLVE function.