HYDRAULIC SYSTEM GRT880 SERVICE MANUAL
2-70
Published 10/19/2017, Control # 618-00
Temperature Effects On Hydraulic Cylinders
Hydraulic oil expands when heated and contracts when
cooled. This is a natural phenomena that happens to all
liquids. The coefficient of expansion for API Group 1
hydraulic oil is approximately 0.00043 cubic inches per cubic
inch of volume for 1°F of temperature change. Thermal
contraction will allow a cylinder to retract as the
hydraulic fluid which is trapped in the cylinder cools.
The change in length of a cylinder is proportional to the
extended length of the cylinder and to change in temperature
of the oil in the cylinder.
For example, a cylinder extended 25 feet in which the oil
cools 60°F would retract approximately 7 3/4 inches (see
chart below).
A cylinder extended 5 feet in which the oil cools 60°F would
only retract approximately 1 1/2 inches. The rate at which the
oil cools depends on many factors and will be more
noticeable with a larger difference in oil temperature verses
the ambient temperature.
Thermal contraction coupled with improper or inadequate
lubrication or improper wear pad adjustments, and operation
at low boom angles may, under certain conditions, cause a
“stick-slip” condition in the boom.
This “stick-slip” condition could result in the load not moving
smoothly. Proper boom lubrication and wear pad adjustment
is important to permit the boom sections to slide freely. Slow
movement, of the boom may be undetected by the operator
unless a load is suspended for a long period of time.
To minimize the effects of thermal contraction or “Stick-slip” it
is recommended that the telescope joystick is activated
periodically in the extend position to mitigate the effects of
cooling oil.
If a load and the boom is allowed to remain stationary for a
period of time and the ambient temperature is cooler than the
trapped oil temperature, trapped oil in the cylinders will cool.
The load will lower as the telescope cylinder(s) retracts
allowing the boom to come in. Also, the boom angle will
decrease as the lift cylinder(s) retracts causing an increase
in radius and a decrease in load height.
This situation will also occur in reverse. If a crane is set up in
the morning with cool oil and the daytime ambient
temperature heats the oil, the cylinders will extend in similar
proportions.
The chart below has been prepared to assist you in
determining the approximate amount of retraction/extension
that may be expected from a hydraulic cylinder as a result of
change in the temperature of the hydraulic oil inside the
cylinder.
The chart is for dry rod cylinders. If the cylinder rod is filled
with hydraulic oil, the contraction rate is somewhat greater.
NOTE: Operators and service personnel must be aware
that load movement, as a result of this phenomena,
can be easily mistaken as leaking cylinder seals or
faulty holding valves.
If leaking seals or faulty holding valves are
Table 2-4 Boom Drift Chart (Cylinder length change in inches)
Coeff. = 0.00043
(in
3
/in
3
/ °F)
STROKE Temperature Change (°F)
(FT.)102030405060708090100
5 0.260.520.771.031.291.551.812.062.322.58
10 0.52 1.03 1.55 2.06 2.58 3.10 3.61 4.13 4.64 5.16
15 0.77 1.55 2.32 3.10 3.87 4.64 5.42 6.19 6.97 7.74
20 1.03 2.06 3.10 4.13 5.16 6.19 7.22 8.26 9.29 10.32
25 1.29 2.58 3.87 5.16 6.45 7.74 9.03 10.32 11.61 12.90
30 1.55 3.10 4.64 6.19 7.74 9.29 10.84 12.38 13.93 15.48
35 1.81 3.61 5.42 7.22 9.03 10.84 12.64 14.45 16.25 18.06
40 2.06 4.13 6.19 8.26 10.32 12.38 14.45 16.51 18.58 20.64
45 2.32 4.64 6.97 9.29 11.61 13.93 16.25 18.58 20.90 23.22
50 2.58 5.16 7.74 10.32 12.90 15.48 18.06 20.64 23.22 25.80
55 2.84 5.68 8.51 11.35 14.19 17.03 19.87 22.70 25.54 28.38
60 3.10 6.19 9.29 12.38 15.48 18.58 21.67 24.77 27.86 30.96
Length change in inches = Stroke (Ft.) X Temperature Change ( °F) X Coeff. (in
3
/in
3
/ °F) X 12 in/ft
Reference Only
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