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Contents

R&S

ZNL/ZNLE

7User Manual 1178.5966.02 ─ 20

9.3.4 Admittance parameters............................................................................................... 222

9.3.5 Wave quantities and ratios.......................................................................................... 223

9.3.6 Unbalance-balance conversion...................................................................................225

9.3.7 Stability factors............................................................................................................228

9.3.8 Group delay.................................................................................................................229

9.4 Operations on traces................................................................................................ 230

9.4.1 Limit check.................................................................................................................. 230

9.4.2 Trace files....................................................................................................................237

9.4.3 Memory-mapped trace data transfer...........................................................................246

9.5 Calibration................................................................................................................. 247

9.5.1 Calibration types......................................................................................................... 249

9.5.2 Calibration standards and calibration kits................................................................... 255

9.5.3 Calibration pool........................................................................................................... 262

9.5.4 Calibration state labels................................................................................................262

9.5.5 Automatic calibration...................................................................................................262

9.5.6 Scalar power calibration..............................................................................................272

9.5.7 Parallel calibration of multiple channels...................................................................... 277

9.6 Offset parameters and de-/embedding................................................................... 277

9.6.1 Offset parameters........................................................................................................278

9.6.2 Embedding and deembedding.................................................................................... 284

9.7 Optional extensions and accessories.....................................................................293

9.7.1 Time domain analysis..................................................................................................294

9.7.2 Distance-to-fault measurements................................................................................. 300

9.7.3 Spectrum analyzer function.........................................................................................302

9.7.4 Additional removable PC board with SSD...................................................................303

9.7.5 Extended power range................................................................................................ 303

9.7.6 Receiver step attenuators........................................................................................... 303

9.7.7 Lower start frequency for R&S ZNLE..........................................................................304

9.7.8 OCXO frequency reference.........................................................................................304

9.7.9 Additional interfaces....................................................................................................304

9.7.10 GPIB interface.............................................................................................................305

9.7.11 Broadband limiter........................................................................................................305

9.7.12 DC power supply 12/24 V........................................................................................... 305

R&S ZNL4 User Manual

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